Arsenic-induced abnormalities in glucose metabolism: Biochemical basis and potential therapeutic and nutritional interventions

Figure 2 Mechanism of arsenic toxicity: Arsenic enhances the production of superoxide anion radical which results in a higher oxidant level than antioxidant enzymes involved in the detoxification of superoxide anion radical viz. , superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. SOD: Superoxide dismutase; CAT: Catalase; GPx: Glutathione peroxidase; GR: Glutathione reductase; G-6-PDH: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; NAD⁺: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; NADPH: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced.