Broad spectrum of interferon-related nephropathies-glomerulonephritis, systemic lupus erythematosus-like syndrome and thrombotic microangiopathy: A case report and review of literature

Table 1 Therapeutic indications of different IFN formulations

Type of IFN	Hepatological indications	Immunological indications	Neurological indications	Haematological indications	Neoplastic indications
IFN-α 2A and IFN-α 2B	HBV-CH, HCV-CH, HDV-CH	BS, ECD	No current indications	ET, PV, CML, NHL, HCL, CTCL, WM	aRCC, MM stage II, AIDS-associated Kaposi sarcoma
IFN-β 1A and IFN-β 1B	No current indications	No current indications	RRSM	No current indications	No current indications

aRCC: Advanced renal cell carcinoma; BS: Behçet syndrome; CML: Chronic myeloid leukaemia; CTCL: T-cell cutaneous lymphoma; ECD: Erdheim-Chester disease; ET: Essential thrombocythemia; HBC-CH: Hepatitis B virus-related chronic hepatitis; HCL: Hair-cell leukaemia; HCV-CH: Hepatitis C virus-related chronic hepatitis; HDV-CH: Hepatitis D virus-related chronic hepatitis in patients with hepatitis B virus co-infection; IFN: Interferon; MM: Malignant melanoma stage II (Tumour node metastasis classification, American Joint Committee on Cancer 2010); NHL: Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma; PV: Polycythaemia vera; RRSM: Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis; WM: Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia.