Associations of renal function with diabetic retinopathy and visual impairment in type 2 diabetes: A multicenter nationwide cross-sectional study

Table 4 Subgroup analysis comparing the association of estimated glomerular filtration rate level with severe diabetic retinopathy and severe visual impairment

eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)	Crude OR	95%CI	P-value	Adjusted OR1	95%CI	P-value
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy and macular edema
≥ 90	1 (reference)			1 (reference)
60-89	1.26	0.84-1.91	0.27	1.95	1.14-3.33	0.02
30-59	2.06	1.39-3.04	< 0.001	2.82	1.61-4.93	< 0.001
< 30	5.04	3.25-7.81	< 0.001	4.89	2.47-9.67	< 0.001
Severe visual impairment
≥ 90	1 (reference)			1 (reference)
60-89	1.85	1.16-2.94	0.01	1.07	0.62-1.82	0.81
30-59	4.05	2.62-6.26	< 0.001	2.06	1.22-3.46	< 0.01
< 30	6.15	3.73-10.15	< 0.001	2.50	1.31-4.76	< 0.01

¹Adjusted for age, gender, duration of diabetes, waist circumference, hypertension, smoking, coronary artery diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, peripheral artery disease, antiplatelet, metformin, sulfonylurea, and insulin. eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate.