Awareness, self-management behaviors, health literacy and kidney function relationships in specialty practice

Table 1 Sample demographics

Characteristic	Total n (%), n = 150	CKD aware n (%), n = 132 (88%)	CKD unaware, n = 18 (12%)	P valuea
Gender				0.087
Male	70 (47)	65 (49)	5 (27)
Female	80 (53)	67 (51)	13 (72)
Race
White	60 (40)	54 (41)	6 (33)	0.625
Native American	9 (6)	8 (6)	1 (6)
Black	6 (4)	6 (4)	0 (0)
Hispanic/Latin American	62 (41)	54 (41)	8 (44)
Otherb	13 (9)	10 (8)	3 (17)
Age (yr, 21-90)
21-40	15 (10)	10 (8)	5 (28)	0.027
41-60	67 (45)	61 (46)	6 (33)
≥ 61	68 (45)	61 (46)	7 (39)
Education
Some high school	22 (15)	21 (16)	1 (6)	0.258
High school graduate or GEDd	38 (25)	31 (61)	7 (39)
Some college and above	90 (60)	80 (61)	10 (56)
Health Insurance
Medicare	35 (23)	33 (25)	2 (11)	0.437
Medicaid	12 (8)	11 (8)	1 (6)
Medicare and Medicaid	18 (12)	17 (13)	1 (6)
Private and Other	30 (20)	25 (19)	5 (28)
Otherc	55 (37)	46 (35)	9 (50)
Annual household income
< $15000	69 (46)	64 (48)	5 (28)	0.176
$15000-30000	42 (28)	34 (26)	8 (44)
> $30000	39 (26)	34 (26)	5 (28)
CKD stage (KDOQI guidelines)
Stage 1	8 (5)	4 (3)	4 (22)	< 0.001
Stage 2	17 (11)	11 (8)	6 (33)
Stage 3	75 (50)	69 (52)	6 (33)
Stage 4	50 (33)	48 (36)	2 (11)
CKD cause
Hypertension	30 (20)	28 (21)	2 (11)	0.088
Diabetes	19 (13)	18 (14)	1 (6)
Diabetes and hypertension	28 (19)	25 (19)	3 (17)
Glomerulonephritis	26 (17)	18 (14)	8 (44)
Cystic disease	4 (3)	4 (3)	0 (0)
Urologic disease	8 (5)	8 (6)	0 (0)
Other	30 (20)	27 (21)	3 (17)
Unknown	5 (3)	4 (3)	1 (6)
Health literacy level
Low	95 (63)	84 (64)	11 (61)	0.513
Adequate	55 (37)	48 (36)	7 (39)

^aχ² contingency coefficient comparing demographics and CKD awareness; bold numerals, P < 0.05 ;

^bRace: Other: Asian 6 (4%) and other 3 (2%);

^cHealth insurance “Other”: Uninsured 4 (3%), private 6 (4%), Indian Health Service 1 (0.7%), and other 51 (34%). CKD: Chronic kidney disease; GED: General Education Development; KDOQI: Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative.