Fluid balance concepts in medicine: Principles and practice

doi:10.5527/wjn.v7.i1.1

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World Journal of Nephrology

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2220-6124

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Nephrol. Jan 6, 2018; 7(1): 1-28
Published online Jan 6, 2018. doi: 10.5527/wjn.v7.i1.1

Table 2 Formulas for treatment of dysnatremias with saline or water infusions

Hypotonic hyponatremia

Change in sodium concentration after infusion of 1 L of saline. Adrogué-Madias formula[41]:

[Na]_Final - [Na]_Initial = ([Na]_Infusate - [Na]_Initial)/(TBW_Initial + 1)

Volume of saline required for a targeted serum sodium concentration[84]:

V_Infusate = TBW_Initial × ([Na]_Targeted - [Na]_Initial)/[Na](_Infusate - [Na]_Targeted)

Hypernatremia

Volume of D5/W required for a targeted serum sodium concentration[37]:

V_Infusate = TBW_Initial × ([Na]_Initial - [Na]_Targeted)/[Na]_Targeted

Volume of hypotonic saline required for a targeted serum sodium concentration[37]:

V_Infusate = TBW_Initial × ([Na]_Initial - [Na]_Targeted)/([Na]_Targeted - [Na]_Infusate)

[Na]_Final: Final serum sodium concentration after infusion of 1 L of saline with a sodium concentration higher than the initial serum sodium concentration; [Na]_Initial: Initial serum sodium concentration; [Na]_Infusate: Sodium concentration in the infused saline; TBW_Initial: Initial volume of body water; V_Infusate: Volume of infused saline or dextrose required for a targeted change in serum sodium concentration; [Na]_Targeted: Targeted value of serum sodium concentration.

Citation: Roumelioti ME, Glew RH, Khitan ZJ, Rondon-Berrios H, Argyropoulos CP, Malhotra D, Raj DS, Agaba EI, Rohrscheib M, Murata GH, Shapiro JI, Tzamaloukas AH. Fluid balance concepts in medicine: Principles and practice. World J Nephrol 2018; 7(1): 1-28
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-6124/full/v7/i1/1.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5527/wjn.v7.i1.1