Acute kidney injury following spinal instrumentation surgery in children

Table 3 Intra-operative/post-operative course

	AKI (n = 35)	Non-AKI (n = 36)	P value
Intra-operative course
Duration of surgery (h)	8.5 ± 2.4	8.2 ± 2.1	0.54
Cumulative intra-operative fluid administration (mL)	2555 ± 973	2732 ± 1264	0.51
Cumulative intra-operative fluid administration (mL/kg per hour )	6.2 ± 2.9	7.5 ± 3.3	0.08
Intra-operative urine output (mL/kg per hour )	1.9 ± 1.1	2.4 ± 1.5	0.17
Intra-operative fluid balance (L)	1.2 ± 1.0	1.3 ± 1.1	0.70
Max BP decline during surgery
Systolic (% from baseline)	27 ± 12	33 ± 14	0.36
Diastolic (% from baseline)	30 ± 9	34 ± 13	0.93
Patients requiring blood transfusion [n (%)]	7 (20%)	12 (33%)	0.21
Nephrotoxin exposure [n (%)]	8 (23%)	6 (17%)	0.51
Post-operative course
Duration of PICU stay (d)	1 (IQR 0, range 17)	1 (IQR 0, range 6)	0.77
Cumulative PICU fluid administration (mL)	2069 (IQR 886)	1918 (IQR 1048)	0.15
Cumulative PICU fluid administration (mL/kg per hour)	2.1 ± 0.8	2.3 ± 0.7	0.31
PICU urine output (mL/kg per hour)	0.7 ± 0.4	1.1 ± 0.4	< 0.001
PICU fluid balance (L)	1.3 ± 1.0	0.8 ± 0.8	0.02
Max Hb drop (% from baseline)	26 ± 9	26 ± 10	0.94
Nephrotoxin exposure in PICU	18 (51%)	4 (11%)	< 0.001

AKI: Acute kidney injury; PICU: Paediatric intensive care unit.