Bacteremia in hemodialysis patients

Table 1 Causative organisms of bacteremia in hemodialysis patients

	Hemodialysis patients	Hemodialysis vascular access-associated		Hemodialysis catheter-related bacteremia	General population
Ref.	Danese et al[19], 2006	Loo et al[20], 2015	D’Amato-Palumbo et al[21], 2013	Aslam et al[22], 2014	Biedenbach et al[23], 2004			Alfandari et al[24], 2016
Region	United States	Singapore	United States	Meta-analysis	North America	Latin America	Europe	France
n	15618	144	112	1386	42857	11743	26613	519
Gram positive		73.6%	73.2%					39.7%
Staphylococcus aureus	38.4%	47.2%	50.9%	25.9%	26.0%	21.6%	19.5%	15.4%
(MRSA)		13.9%	23.2%					2.9%
(MRSA/SA)		29.4%	45.6%					18.8%
Other staphylococcus	15.4%	20.1%	10.7%	23.4%	11.5%	13.3%	14.6%	8.3%
Streptococcus	11.9%		2.7%		9.5%	6.8%	6.5%	12.5%
Enterococcus			8.9%		10.2%	3.3%	7.2%	3.5%
Gram negative		26.4%	23.2%	22.0%				55.3%
Escherichia coli	6.5%		4.5%		17.7%	18.2%	22.4%	34.5%
Pseudomonas spp.	3.6%	9.0%	9.8%		4.3%	6.5%	6.1%	1.5%
Enterobacter spp.		4.9%			3.7%	5.5%	4.2%	3.7%
Klebsiella spp.			5.4%		7.6%	10.1%	7.3%	7.1%
Proteus mirabilis								2.3%
Candida spp.		1.2%	3.6%					6.2%

MRSA: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.