Diabetes mellitus increases the prevalence of anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease: A nested case-control study

Table 1 Demographic, clinical and routine biochemical characteristics of the two study groups (patients with and without diabetes)

Parameter	Diabetic CKD patients	Non-diabetic CKD patients	P
n	184	184	-
Age (yr)	75.91 ± 8.38	76.00 ± 9.54	0.908
Gender n (%)
Female	88 (47.8)	88 (47.8)	1
Male	96 (52.2)	96 (52.2)
Weight (kg)	79.78 ± 14.51	78.51 ± 12.58	0.373
Height (m)	1.67 ± 0.09	1.66 ± 0.08	0.121
BMI (kg/m2)	28.34 ± 4.16	28.33 ± 3.26	0.979
Urea Nitrogen (mmol/L)	10.95 ± 5.06	10.90 ± 4.82	0.927
Creatinine (μmol/L)	136.14 ± 45.97	134.37 ± 46.85	0.826
eGFR (mL/min per 1.73 m2)	43.3 ± 14.8	43.7 ± 14.9	0.778
Glucose (mmol/L)	8.61 ± 2.74	5.46 ± 0.61	< 0.001
24 h urine protein excretion (mg)	527 (59-9, 300)	320 (65-3, 100)	< 0.001
CKD Stages n (%)
Stage 2	26 (14.1)	26 (14.1)	1
Stage 3a	53 (28.8)	53 (28.8)
Stage 3b	74 (40.2)	74 (40.2)
Stage 4	31 (16.8)	31 (16.8)
Hypertension n (%)	171 (92.9)	175 (95.1)	0.379
Dyslipidemia n (%)	103 (56)	86 (46.7)	0.076
Coronary heart disease n (%)	65 (35.3)	60 (32.6)	0.582
Heart failure n (%)	30 (16.3)	34 (18.5)	0.583
Arrhythmia n (%)	20 (10.9)	25 (13.6)	0.426
Stroke history n (%)	16 (8.7)	1 (0.5)	< 0.001
Peripheral vascular disease n (%)	17 (9.2)	13 (7.1)	0.446
Smoking n (%)	73 (39.7)	31 (16.8)	< 0.001

CKD: Chronic kidney disease; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate.