Experimental models of renal calcium stones in rodents

Table 3 Rodent models of nephrocalcinosis/nephrolithiasis

Ref.	Species	Crystals main compound	Crystals location	Animal model	Read out	Urinary phenotype	Renal injury
O’Connor et al[35], 2003	Rats	CaOx CaP	Collecting ducts in cortex, medulla and papillary tips Urinary pelvis	Intestinal resection (40-45 cm)	4 mo after surgery	Hyperoxaluria, Hypocitraturia	Interstitial inflammation
Ogawa et al[29], 1990	Rats	CaOx	Cortex and medulla tubules	Glycolic acid supplements	4 wk	Hyperoxaluria
Di Tommaso et al[32], 2002	Rats	CaOx CaP	Tubules, plaques on papillary tips, renal fornices, pelvis and bladder	Vitamine B6 deficient diet	12 wk	Hyperoxaluria, hypocitraturia	Tubules, inflammation

CaP: Calcium phosphate; CaOx: Calcium oxalate.