Health literacy in kidney disease: Review of the literature and implications for clinical practice

Table 1 Clinical "red flags" for limited health literacy

Patient registration forms that are incomplete or inaccurately completed

Non-adherence with medications or treatments

Frequently missed appointments

Lack of follow-through with labs, imaging tests, or referrals

Unable to name medications, explain what medications are for, or explain timing of medication administration

May offer excuses to deflect reading tasks

"I forgot my glasses"

"Let me bring this home so I can discuss it with my children"

Seldom have questions

Seek help only when illness is advanced

Have difficulty explaining medical concerns