Water, electrolytes, and acid-base alterations in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients

Table 4 Causes of acid-Base disorders in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients

Acidosis

Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis: Diarrhea, tubular damage secondary to drugs, hypergammaglobulinaemia, acute tubular necrosis, interstitial nephritis, HIV

High anion gap metabolic acidosis: Uremia, diabetic ketoacidosis, lactic acidosis (type A or B)

Alkalosis

Metabolic alkalosis (volume contraction): Gastro-intestinal losses, urinary losses

Respiratory alkalosis (hyperventilation): Central nervous system alteration, altered liver function, lung opportunistic infections and malignancies

HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus.