Water, electrolytes, and acid-base alterations in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients

Table 2 Causes of hypernatremia in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients

Hypernatremia
Increased insensible water losses: Fever and tachypnea
Increased digestive water losses: Vomiting, diarrhea
Increased urinary water losses: Central diabetes insipidus, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus secondary to nephrocalcinosis or tubule-interstitial damage caused by infection, tumors, drugs
Reduced water intake: Unconsciousness, adipsia: Thirst´s center destruction by a vascular, neoplastic or infectious cause