Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and management of chronic kidney disease in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients

Table 1 Comparisons of prevalence of chronic kidney disease in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients across previous studies

	Prevalence (%)	Countries	Ref.
Proteinuria
	7.20	United States	[7]
	9.50	Japan	[11]
	13.70	China	[10]
Albuminuria
	8.70	Norway	[25]
	11.00	United States	[26]
	17.80	Japan	[11]
CKD stages 1-5
	15.40	Japan	[11]
	15.50	United States	[23]
	16.80	China	[10]
	23.70	United States	[13]
CKD stages ≥ 3
	3.50	EuroSIDA	[12]
	5.60	China	[10]
	5.90	United States	[23]
	9.70	Japan	[11]
	9.70	United States	[13]

CKD: Chronic kidney disease; EuroSIDA: European study of patients with HIV-1 infection including 93 centers across Europe.