Lipid abnormalities in kidney disease and management strategies

Table 2 Brief summary of randomized clinical trials in patients with kidney diseases[9,35,46,47]

Trial	Study population	Intervention	Follow-up	Major findings
ALERT (2003)	Renal transplant recipients (n = 2102)	Fluvastatin (40 mg/d) vs placebo	Mean 5.1 yr	Fluvastatin group had reduced major cardiac events and cardiac death but this was not statistically significant No effect seen on all-cause mortality
4D (2005)	Hemodialysis patients with DM type II (n = 1255)	Atorvastatin (20 mg/d)	Median 4 yr	Atorvastatin did not have significant effect on CV death, non-fatal MI, non-fatal stroke and all-cause mortality
AURORA (2009)	Hemodialysis patients aged 50-80 yr (n = 2776)	Rosuvastatin (10 mg/d) vs placebo	Median 3.8 yr	Rosuvastatin had no significant effect on CV mortality, non-fatal MI, non-fatal stroke and all-cause mortality
SHARP (2011)	CKD not on dialysis (n = 6247) Hemodialysis (n = 2527) Peritoneal dialysis (n = 496)	Simvastatin 20 mg/d plus ezetimibe 10 mg/d vs placebo	Median 4.9 yr	Simvastatin plus ezetimibe significantly decreased major atherosclerotic event but had no major effect on CV mortality or all-cause mortality. Results were available for only entire population (both dialysis and non-dialysis)

ALERT: Assessment of lescol in renal transplantation; AURORA: Assessment of survival and cardiovascular events; SHARP: Study of heart and renal protection; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; CV: Cardiovascular; MI: Myocardial infarction; DM: Diabetes mellitus.