Role of endoscopic ultrasound fine-needle aspiration evaluating adrenal gland enlargement or mass

Table 1 Patients characteristics and endoscopic ultrasound findings n (%)

Characteristics	Diagnostic(n = 85)		Non-diagnostic(n = 9)	P value
	Benign(n = 60)	Malignant(n = 25)
Age (mean ± SD)	67 ± 11	63 ± 14		0.161
	66 ± 12		66 ± 11	0.992
Race
White	57 (95)	25 (100)	7 (78)
African American	3 (5)	0 (0)	2 (22)
Hispanic	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Gender				≥ 0.993
Male	26 (27)	19 (20)	5 (5)
Female	34 (36)	6 (7)	4 (5)
Adrenal biopsied				≥ 0.994
Left	58 (61)	23 (24)	9 (10)
Right	2 (2)	3 (3)	0 (0)
EUS image of adrenal
Mass	49 (52)	25 (26)	6 (6)	0.145
Diffuse enlargement	11 (12)	1 (1)	3 (3)	0.096
Size by EUS, cm
Mean ± SD	3.4 ± 1.6	2.6 ± 1.2		0.0277
Mean ± SD	2.8 ± 1.4		2.4 ± 1.2	0.418
Range	0.7-5.2	1.3-7.0	1.0-4.0
Echogenicity
Hypoechoic	40 (42)	22 (24)	4 (4)
Hyperechoic	1 (1)	0 (0)	1 (1)	0.149
Not reported or unavailable	19 (20)	4 (4)	4 (4)
Number of FNA passes
Mean ± SD	3.0 ± 1.7	3.0 ± 1.3	3.1 ± 1.5	0.461

¹Mean age diagnostic vs non-diagnostic;

²Diagnostic vs non-diagnostic cytology result based on gender;

³Adrenal Gland FNA side and Diagnostic vs non-diagnostic cytology result;

⁴Presence or absence of an adrenal mass and diagnostic vs non-diagnostic cytology result;

⁵Presence of absence of an adrenal mass and benign vs malignant FNA cytology;

⁶Median size by EUS (cm) and malignant vs benign FNA cytology;

⁷Median size by EUS (cm) and Diagnostic vs non-diagnostic cytology;

⁸Adrenal Echogenicity on EUS and Diagnostic vs non-diagnostic cytology;

⁹Number of FNA passes; and Diagnostic vs non-diagnostic FNA; ¹⁰Mean age benign vs malignant. EUS: Endoscopic ultrasound; FNA: Fine-needle aspiration.