Obesity in kidney disease: A heavyweight opponent

Table 2 Summary of the most important changes in the kidney during diabetes

Stages	Features
1 and 2	Hyperfiltration and renal hypertrophy
3	Microalbuminuria and hypertension as clinical features. As histological features: arteriolar hyalinosis, glomerular basement membrane thickening and mesangial matrix expansion
4 (Diabetic Ne phropathy)	Proteinuria, nephrotic syndrome and decreased GFR
5	End-stage renal disease

Adapted from Amann et al[150]. GFR: Glomerular filtration rate.