Silent diabetic nephropathy

Table 6 Univariate Cox proportional hazard analysis of renal end point, according to clinical variables

	HR	95%CI		P value
		Lower	Upper
Age (yr)	1.00	0.97	1.03
Sex (men)	1.19	0.50	2.85
Diabetes type (2/1)	0.76	0.31	1.91
Diabetes duration (years)	1.01	0.95	1.07
BMI < 30 (yes/no)	2.94	1.09	7.69	0.03
Smoker (yes/no)	0.92	0.34	2.50
Hypertension (yes/no)	1.01	0.13	7.69
CVD (yes/no)	4.56	1.94	10.69	0.000
Retinopathy (yes/no)	1.24	0.56	2.75
Baseline Serum creatinine (mg/dL)	2.18	1.14	4.16	0.02
Baseline eGFR (mL/min per 1.73 m2)	0.98	0.95	1.00
1Baseline proteinuria (g/g)	1.12	0.98	1.27
eGFR drop > 25% before biopsy	3.96	1.54	10.18	0.004
Serum creatinine (mg/dL) at biopsy	2.97	1.91	4.61	0.000
eGFR (mL/min per 1.73 m2) at biopsy	0.94	0.92	0.97	0.000
RPKI	2.74	1.21	6.24	0.02
2Proteinuria at biopsy (g/d)	1.09	0.97	1.23
Hematuria	1.65	0.72	3.82
Serum albumin (g/dL)	0.75	0.41	1.35
HbA1c % (< 7/≥ 7)	3.37	1.23	9.25	0.02
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	0.98	0.96	1.01
RAASI treatment (yes/no)	0.59	0.22	1.59
Statin treatment	0.66	0.27	1.62
Silent DN	3.04	1.26	7.3	0.02

¹Baseline proteinuria was measured using protein/creatinine ratio in spot urine (g/g).

²Renal biopsy proteinuria was measured using excretion rate in 24 h (g/d). BMI: Body mass index; CVD: Cardiovascular disease; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; RPKI: Rapidly progressive kidney injury; RAASI: Renin-angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitor; DN: Diabetic nephropathy.