Clinicopathological characteristics and long-term outcomes of adult patients with proliferative lupus nephritis

Table 4 Comparison between renal outcomes and baseline mean values of clinicopathological characteristics by using analysis of variance test, n (%)

Variable	Complete remission (n = 94)	Partial remission (n = 47)	End-stage kidney disease (n = 38)	Mortality (n = 28)	P value
Age (years), mean ± SD	26.21 ± 45 7.54	27.89 ± 11.05	25.87 ± 7.98	26.14 ± 8.37	0.699
Duration between onset of symptoms and biopsy (months), mean ± SD	10.98 ± 13.94	11.79 ± 10.85	16.63 ± 21.44	11.07 ± 9.40	0.225
Hypertension	40 (42.5)	31 (65.95)	13 (34.21)	24 (85.71)	< 0.0001
Serum creatinine (mg/dL), mean ± SD	1.14 ± 0.82	1.49 ± 1.01	2.54 ± 2.50	2.59 ± 2.99	< 0.0001
Serum albumin on admission (g/dL), mean ± SD	2.42 ± 0.70	2.32 ± 0.55	2.05 ± 0.44	2.16 ± 0.50	0.014
Protein creatinine ratio (g/dL), mean ± SD	3.27 ± 2.82	4.17 ± 3.94	3.05 ± 2.26	4.16 ± 3.71	0.45
Estimated glomerular filtration rate (mL/minute/1.73 m²) mean ± SD	90.27 ± 30.08	71.62 ± 40.29	56.31 ± 44.96	60.25 ± 41.68	< 0.0001
Required kidney replacement therapy on admission	3 (3.19)	2 (4.25)	8 (21.05)	6 (21.42)	0.001
Mesangial/endocapillary proliferation
Focal	33 (35.10)	11 (23.40)	4 (10.52)	1 (3.571)	0.001
Diffuse	61 (64.89)	36 (76.59)	34 (89.47)	27 (96.42)
Number of globally sclerosed glomeruli, mean ± SD	0.55 ± 1.2	1.44 ± 2.22	2.62 ± 4.05	1.80 ± 3.21	< 0.0001
Presence of crescents	30 (31.9)	18 (38.29)	15 (39.47)	11 (39.28)	0.010
Interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy					< 0.0001
None	36 (38.29)	4 (8.51)	2 (5.26)	2 (7.14)
Mild	49 (52.12)	30 (63.8)	22 (57.89)	10 (35.7)
Moderate	9 (9.57)	13 (27.65)	14 (36.8)	12 (42.85)
Severe	0	0	0	4 (14.2)

SD: Standard deviation.