Current role of biomarkers in the initiation and weaning of kidney replacement therapy in acute kidney injury

Table 2 Summary of studies on role of biomarkers for initiation of kidney replacement therapy

Ref.	Biomarker studied	Type of study	No. of patients	AUROC (95%CI)	Cutoff	Sensitivity (95%CI)	Specificity (95%CI)	Positive predictive value (95%CI)	Negative predictive value (95%CI)
Klein et al[5]	Urine output	Meta-analysis	604	0.614 (0.389-0.840)
Klein et al[5]	Fractional excretion of sodium	Meta-analysis	240	0.718 (0.619-0.816)
Klein et al[5]	Blood urea nitrogen	Meta-analysis	283	0.732 (0.661-0.802)
Klein et al[5]	Plasma/serum Cr	Meta-analysis	2969	0.764 (0.732-0.796)
Hjortrup et al[6]	Plasma Cr	Prospective	222	0.74 (0.67–0.82)	166	63	75	36	90
Pipili et al[7]	UNGAL	Prospective	310	0.727	106.7			66	86
Klein et al[5]	UNGAL	Meta-analysis	3195	0.720 (0.638-0.803)
Klein et al[5]	PNGAL/SNGAL/whole-blood NGAL	Meta-analysis	4391	0.755 (0.706–0.803)
Tiranathanagul et al[8]	PNGAL	Prospective	47	0.813 (0.66-0.90)	960	72.2	9.6	81.25	83.8
Tiranathanagul et al[8]	UNGAL	Prospective	47	0.806 (0.63-0.98)	2600	54.5	90.9
Haase et al[9]	PNGAL/UNGAL	Meta-analysis	2538	0.782 (0.648-0.917)	278.3 (141.9-381.6)	76.0 (65.1-84.4)	80.3 (59.5-91.9)
Cruz et al[10]	PNGAL	Prospective	301	0.82 (0.70-0.95)	150	0.87 (0.60–0.98)	0.65 (0.60–0.71)	0.12 (0.06–0.19)	0.99 (0.96–1.00)
Cemil et al[11]	PNGAL	Prospective	60	0.84 (0.74-0.94)	615	82	80
Nisula et al[12]	UNGAL	Prospective	1042	0.839 (0.797-0.880)	449	83.1	78.5	30	90
Hjortrup et al[6]	PNGAL	Prospective	211	0.70 (0.61-0.78)	641	69	64	28	88
Hjortrup et al[6]	UNGAL	Prospective	162	0.62 (0.51-0.73)	641	46	77
Hanson et al[13]	UNGAL	Prospectivecohort–acute falciparum malaria	163	0.68 (0.55-0.80)	1832
Lukasz et al[14]	SNGAL	Prospective Cohort-Shiga toxin	39	0.76 (0.61-0.91)	330	83.3	60	76.9	69.2
Senthilkumaran et al[15]	PNGAL	Prospective and Russell’s Viper bite	309	1.0	493.75	98	100	79	98
Albert et al[16]	UNGAL	Meta-analysis	5454	0.74 (0.66–0.82)	83	78	67

AUROC: Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; CI: Confidence interval; Cr: Creatinine; PNGAL: Plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; SNGAL: Serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; UNGAL: Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin.