Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, kidney injury molecule-1, and periostin: Novel urinary biomarkers in diabetic nephropathy

Table 4 Urine biomarkers as per estimated glomerular filtration rate category in patients with diabetes mellitus (n = 120)

Parameter	Stage 1 (n = 76)	Stage 2 (n = 30)	Stage 3 (n = 11)	Stage 4 (n = 3)	P value
Albumin creatinine ratio	240.17 ± 633.921,2,3	1078.1 ± 2231.04	1344.09 ± 1420.74	1860 ± 1893.2	0.002
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (µg/L)	6.36 ± 2.791,2,3	8.27 ± 3.15	8.27 ± 1.79	9.67 ± 2.3	0.003
Kidney injury molecule-1 (ng/mL)	1.67 ± 1.023	2.1 ± 0.84	2.45 ± 1.12	2.67 ± 0.57	0.017
Periostin (ng/mL)	51.04 ± 20.012,3	52.63 ± 19.11	66.82 ± 9.98	69.67 ± 4.5	0.034

¹Significance difference between stage 1 and stage 2.

²Significance difference between stage 1 and stage 3.

³Significance difference between stage 1and stage 4.