Physico-chemical characterization of acid base disorders in patients with COVID-19: A cohort study

Table 2 Physicochemical analysis of 211 critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 patients

Parameter	All patients	Survivors	Non-survivors	P value
PH (normal range: 7.38-7.42)	7.46 (7.42-7.53)	7.45 (7.40-7.47)	7.45 (7.40-7.50)	0.850
PCO2 (normal range: 36 mmHg-44 mmHg)	34.1 ± 5.6	34.0 ± 5.7	34.5 ± 4.8	0.660
Bicarbonate (normal range: 24 mEq/L ± 2 mEq/L)	23.3 (21.0-24.8)	23.3 (20.9-24.9)	23.1 (21.7-24.4)	0.630
Lactate normal range: (4 mg/dL-18 mg/dL)	12.1 (2.0-15.9)	11.5 (1.9-15.2)	13.9 (10.7-21.2)	0.130
Albumin (normal range: 4.0 g/dL-5.5 g/dL)	3.6 (3.2-3.8)	3.6 (3.3-3.8)	3.4 (3.2-3.8)	0.650
Phosphorus (normal range: 2.5 mg/dL–4.5 mg/dL)	3.57 ± 0.84	3.58 ± 0.86	3.44 ± 0.68	0.450
Sodium (normal range: 135 mEq/L-142 mEq/L)	135 (133-138)	136 (134-138)	135 (129-136)	0.010
Potassium (normal range: 3.5 mEq/L-5.2 mEq/L)	4.17 ± 0.51	4.17 ± 0.51	4.15 ± 0.52	0.820
Chloride (normal range: 96 mEq/L-106 mEq/L)	100 (97-103)	100 (98-103)	98 (94-100)	0.030
SIDa	37.96 ± 4.30	37.81 ± 4.33	37.86 ± 4.21	0.920
SIDe	35.35 ± 3.50	35.42 ± 3.64	34.94 ± 3.15	0.670
SIG	2.69 (-0.30 to 4.94)	2.67 (0.21-4.99)	2.71 (-0.40 to 4.88)	0.930
SBE	-0.35 (-2.90 to 1.30)	-0.33 (-3.00 to 1.40)	-0.84 (-2.30 to 0.28)	0.740
Chloride effect	-2.44 (-4.80 to 0.28)	-2.44 (-5.50 to 0.70)	-2.58 (-4.80 to 11.58)	0.580
Lactate effect	-1.47 (-1.90 to 1.20)	-1.45 (-1.86 to 1.20)	-1.69 (-2.34 to 1.30)	0.240
Albumin effect	1.51 (0.60-2.60)	1.49 (0.60-2.46)	1.82 (0.76-2.73)	0.730
Phosphorus effect	-0.02 ± 0.50	0 ± 0.52	0.10 ± 0.40	0.270

Data are presented as median with interquartile range or as mean ± SD. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test or Student’s t-test. PCO₂: Partial pressure of carbon dioxide; pH: pondus hydrogenii; SBE: Standard base excess; SIDa: Apparent strong ion difference; SIDe: Effective strong ion difference. SIG: strong ion gap.