Antihypertensive prescribing patterns in non-dialysis dependent chronic kidney disease: Findings from the Salford Kidney Study

Table 11 Cox regression analysis demonstrated associations between the prescription of three or more antihypertensive agents with progression to end stage kidney disease

Analysis	HR (95%CI)1	P value1
Univariate model	1.60 (1.39-1.84)	< 0.001
Multivariate model 12	1.81 (1.56-2.10)	< 0.001
Multivariate model 23	1.55 (1.37-1.76)	< 0.001
Multivariate model 34	1.31 (1.14-1.50)	< 0.001

¹Absolute number for hazard ratio alongside corresponding 95% confidence interval and P value.

²Multivariate model 1: adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, smoking status, and alcohol intake.

³Multivariate model 2: adjusted for all covariates of model 1 plus diabetes, any cardiovascular disease (ischemic heart disease or myocardial infarction or congestive cardiac failure or cerebrovascular accident or peripheral vascular disease), and blood pressure control < 140/90 mmHg.

⁴Multivariate model 3: adjusted for all covariates of model 2 plus estimated glomerular filtration rate and urine albumin-creatinine ratio.

HR: Hazard ratio; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval