Antihypertensive prescribing patterns in non-dialysis dependent chronic kidney disease: Findings from the Salford Kidney Study

Table 1 Demographic information and baseline characteristics of the cohort based on estimated glomerular filtration rate categories

Demographic variables	eGFR ≥ 60, n = 2181	eGFR 45-59, n = 4911	eGFR 30-45, n = 9621	eGFR 15-29, n = 11741	eGFR < 15, n = 3851	Total, n = 32301	P value1
Age, yr	53 (44-63)	62 (50-70)	68 (56-75)	70 (60-78)	71 (60-78)	67 (56-76)	< 0.001
Sex, male	126 (57.8)	308 (62.7)	573 (59.6)	691 (58.9)	251 (65.2)	1949 (60.3)	0.143
Ethnicity, white	198 (90.8)	467 (95.1)	924 (99.6)	1127 (96.0)	375 (97.4)	3091 (95.7)	0.003
BMI, kg/m2	28.3 (24.6-33.2)	28.2 (25.0-32.4)	28.0 (25.0-32.4)	28.0 (25.0-32.6)	27.4 (24.0-33.0)	28.0 (24.7-32.6)	0.490
Systolic BP, mmHg	132 (120-148)	135 (122-150)	139 (125-153)	140 (126-155)	143 (130-160)	139 (125-154)	< 0.001
Diastolic BP, mmHg	76 (70-82)	76 (68-82)	75 (67-81)	72 (65-80)	75 (66-82)	75 (66-81)	0.001
Smoking history	124 (56.9)	300 (61.1)	630 (65.5)	781 (65.5)	255 (66.2)	2090 (64.7)	0.027
Alcohol history	121 (55.5)	252 (51.3)	465 (48.3)	504 (42.9)	149 (38.7)	1491 (46.2)	< 0.001
Hypertension	166 (76.1)	414 (84.3)	862 (89.6)	1091 (92.9)	362 (94.0)	2895 (89.6)	< 0.001
Diabetes mellitus	37 (17.0)	109 (22.2)	291 (30.2)	456 (38.8)	148 (38.4)	1041 (32.2)	< 0.001
IHD	21 (9.6)	75 (15.3)	221 (23.0)	275 (23.4)	75 (19.5)	667 (20.7)	< 0.001
MI	14 (6.4)	61 (12.4)	149 (15.5)	199 (17.0)	59 (15.3)	482 (14.9)	0.001
CCF	18 (8.3)	52 (10.6)	169 (17.6)	233 (19.8)	84 (21.8)	556 (17.2)	< 0.001
CVA	8 (3.7)	25 (5.1)	75 (7.8)	100 (8.5)	41 (10.6)	249 (7.7)	0.004
PVD	19 (8.7)	47 (9.6)	122 (12.7)	169 (14.4)	58 (15.1)	415 (12.8)	0.016
COPD	32 (14.7)	74 (15.1)	179 (18.6)	219 (18.7)	64 (16.6)	568 (17.6)	0.260
CLD	8 (3.7)	19 (3.9)	30 (3.1)	33 (2.8)	9 (2.3)	99 (3.1)	0.683
Malignancy	19 (8.7)	39 (7.9)	109 (11.3)	136 (11.6)	50 (13.0)	353 (10.9)	0.094
Laboratory variables
Haemoglobin, g/L	134 (121-145)	131 (120-141)	126 (115-137)	120 (110-130)	113 (104-122)	123 (112-135)	< 0.001
Albumin, g/L	44 (41-46)	43 (41-45)	43 (40-45)	42 (40-44)	42 (39-44)	43 (40-45)	< 0.001
Corrected calcium, mmol/L	2.32 (2.22-2.40)	2.33 (2.24-2.41)	2.31 (2.23-2.39)	2.30 (2.20-2.39)	2.28 (2.17-2.37)	2.31 (2.22-2.39)	< 0.001
Phosphate, mmol/L	1.05 (0.91-1.10)	1.03 (0.91-1.16)	1.07 (0.95-1.21)	1.16 (1.02-1.31)	1.39 (1.21-1.59)	1.12 (0.98-1.29)	< 0.001
ALP, U/L	71 (57-85)	76 (59-97)	82 (66-102)	86 (69-112)	89 (69-111)	83 (66-105)	< 0.001
uACR, mg/g2	15.9 (8.3-57.2)	21.0 (10.6-60.5)	24.0 (11.7 -77.0)	43.0 (16.4-132.7)	106.5 (44.4-232.6)	32.7 (13.4-111.1)	< 0.001

¹Continuous variables are expressed with the median value (interquartile range). The P values were calculated by the Kruskal Wallis H test. Categorical variables are expressed as numbers (percentage). The P values were calculated by the χ² test.

²Missing urine albumin-creatinine ratio values for 391 patients.

ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; BMI: Body mass index; BP: Blood pressure; CCF: Congestive cardiac failure; CLD: Chronic liver disease; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVA: Cerebrovascular accidents; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate expressed as mL/min/1.73 m²; IHD: Ischemic heart disease; MI: Myocardial infarction; PVD: Peripheral vascular disease; uACR: Urine albumin-creatinine ratio.