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©The Author(s) 2023.
World J Nephrol. Dec 25, 2023; 12(5): 132-146
Published online Dec 25, 2023. doi: 10.5527/wjn.v12.i5.132
Published online Dec 25, 2023. doi: 10.5527/wjn.v12.i5.132
IPTW warfarin and rivaroxaban 15 mg | IPTW warfarin and rivaroxaban 20 mg | IPTW warfarin and apixaban 2.5 mg | IPTW warfarin and apixaban 5.0 mg | |||||
Warfarin (n = 3335) | Rivaroxaban 15 mg (n = 744) | Warfarin (n = 3335) | Rivaroxaban 20 mg (n = 1064) | Warfarin (n = 3335) | Apixaban 2.5 mg (n = 1674) | Warfarin (n = 3335) | Apixaban 5.0 mg (n = 2082) | |
Age (yr) | 82.9 ± 8.6 | 82.8 ± 7.7 | 80.1 ± 10.8 | 79.1 ± 8.2 | 84.3 ± 8.3 | 84.5 ± 7.2 | 80.4 ± 10.2 | 80.2 ± 7.8 |
Female sex | 56.5 | 56.5 | 54.8 | 52.3 | 58.2 | 59.0 | 54.3 | 53.9 |
CHA2DS2-VASc | 4.1 ± 1.4 | 4.1 ± 1.3 | 3.9 ± 1.5 | 3.9 ± 1.5 | 4.2 ± 1.4 | 4.2 ± 1.3 | 3.9 ± 1.5 | 3.8 ± 1.3 |
CHADS2 score | 3.0 ± 1.2 | 3.0 ± 1.2 | 2.8 ± 1.3 | 2.9 ± 1.2 | 3.0 ± 1.2 | 3.0 ± 1.1 | 2.9 ± 1.3 | 2.8 ± 1.1 |
HAS-BLED score | 3.5 ± 1.3 | 3.5 ± 1.3 | 3.3 ± 1.5 | 3.4 ± 1.4 | 3.5 ± 1.3 | 3.5 ± 1.2 | 3.3 ± 1.4 | 3.3 ± 1.2 |
Charlson-Deyo Comorbidity Index | 5.9 ± 3.4 | 6.0 ± 3.6 | 5.7 ± 3.5 | 5.9 ± 3.6 | 5.9 ± 3.4 | 5.8 ± 3.2 | 5.7 ± 3.5 | 5.7 ± 3.4 |
Frailty score | 18.6 ± 6.2 | 18.6 ± 5.9 | 17.7 ± 6.7 | 17.6 ± 6.3 | 18.8 ± 6.2 | 18.8 ± 5.8 | 17.7 ± 6.6 | 17.5 ± 6.1 |
Comorbidities (including the index hospitalization and the three years prior to cohort entry) | ||||||||
Hypertension | 86.2 | 86.5 | 83.9 | 85.2 | 86.9 | 86.9 | 84.5 | 84.0 |
Coronary artery disease | 64.7 | 65.1 | 62.0 | 62.7 | 64.1 | 62.5 | 61.2 | 58.4 |
Acute myocardial infarction | 21.1 | 20.3 | 18.9 | 17.5 | 20.9 | 20.9 | 18.8 | 15.8 |
Chronic heart failure | 56.2 | 56.7 | 53.4 | 54.2 | 56.1 | 56.6 | 53.3 | 53.6 |
Cardiomyopathy | 7.9 | 8.3 | 7.7 | 8.7 | 7.4 | 7.1 | 8.2 | 7.8 |
Other cardiac dysrhythmias | 18.8 | 19.0 | 17.8 | 16.4 | 19.2 | 19.4 | 18.2 | 18.0 |
Valvular heart disease | 26.1 | 27.1 | 24.9 | 24.6 | 25.7 | 25.6 | 23.5 | 22.3 |
Stroke/TIA | 16.9 | 17.2 | 16.0 | 17.3 | 16.8 | 16.1 | 15.9 | 15.0 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 27.7 | 27.5 | 26.6 | 25.9 | 27.3 | 26.2 | 25.6 | 23.2 |
Dyslipidemia | 54.4 | 53.3 | 54.2 | 55.8 | 53.9 | 54.0 | 55.5 | 53.8 |
Diabetes | 45.1 | 46.1 | 46.4 | 49.9 | 43.1 | 42.7 | 47.3 | 46.9 |
Major bleeding | 38.5 | 38.3 | 37.0 | 39.3 | 38.3 | 37.0 | 36.2 | 34.8 |
Major intracranial bleeding | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 5.7 | 3.9 | 3.5 | 4.2 | 3.8 |
Major gastrointestinal bleeding | 8.3 | 9.5 | 7.9 | 7.7 | 8.7 | 8.1 | 7.9 | 7.9 |
Other sites of major bleeding | 32.0 | 30.9 | 30.9 | 32.4 | 31.8 | 31.2 | 29.8 | 28.8 |
Liver disease | 2.6 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 2.5 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/asthma | 44.0 | 44.2 | 46.0 | 49.7 | 42.2 | 42.1 | 44.5 | 45.3 |
Depression | 11.8 | 11.5 | 12.2 | 11.8 | 11.7 | 11.4 | 12.1 | 11.9 |
Medical procedures (three years prior to cohort entry) | ||||||||
Cardiac catheterization | 5.0 | 5.4 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 6.4 | 6.4 |
Percutaneous coronary intervention-stent | 4.1 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 4.1 | 3.8 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 4.0 |
Coronary artery bypass grafting | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1.2 | 1.2 |
Implantable cardiac device | 0.1 | 0.1 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | 0.0 | < 0.1 | 0.0 |
Medications (two weeks prior to cohort entry) | ||||||||
Statin | 51.0 | 51.2 | 51.1 | 52.9 | 50.0 | 47.9 | 50.6 | 50.4 |
Antiplatelet | 8.7 | 8.5 | 8.1 | 8.9 | 8.3 | 7.4 | 8.1 | 7.9 |
Low-dose ASA | 35.3 | 35.5 | 34.8 | 35.2 | 35.6 | 34.9 | 33.9 | 33.4 |
Proton pump inhibitors | 49.7 | 49.6 | 47.8 | 46.9 | 50.0 | 49.1 | 46.4 | 44.7 |
NSAIDs | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.2 |
Digoxin | 9.3 | 10.6 | 9.1 | 10.1 | 9.2 | 9.0 | 8.9 | 8.7 |
Amiodarone | 9.6 | 9.3 | 8.6 | 6.1 | 9.3 | 9.8 | 8.8 | 8.0 |
Antidepressants | 10.5 | 10.1 | 10.4 | 10.5 | 10.6 | 10.3 | 10.2 | 10.4 |
Beta-blockers | 62.5 | 63.1 | 61.4 | 61.1 | 63.8 | 62.8 | 62.4 | 62.5 |
Calcium channel blockers | 42.9 | 42.6 | 41.9 | 39.8 | 42.7 | 43.2 | 41.4 | 41.0 |
Inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system | 37.5 | 36.9 | 38.1 | 38.5 | 38.0 | 36.5 | 38.0 | 38.3 |
Diuretics | 60.5 | 60.3 | 61.4 | 61.0 | 61.0 | 60.8 | 60.3 | 60.4 |
Loop diuretics | 56.2 | 55.8 | 57.0 | 54.4 | 56.4 | 56.7 | 55.4 | 56.3 |
Antidiabetics | 27.4 | 28.0 | 28.7 | 30.3 | 26.5 | 25.8 | 29.2 | 29.3 |
Health medical services (one year prior to cohort entry) | ||||||||
Consultations with specialist physicians | 1.2 ± 2.4 | 1.2 ± 1.9 | 1.2 ± 2.5 | 1.2 ± 2.3 | 1.2 ± 2.4 | 1.2 ± 2.2 | 1.2 ± 2.6 | 1.2 ± 1.8 |
Consultations with family physicians | 1.3 ± 3.3 | 1.3 ± 2.8 | 1.2 ± 3.1 | 1.2 ± 2.5 | 1.3 ± 3.4 | 1.4 ± 3.0 | 1.2 ± 3.2 | 1.2 ± 2.6 |
Emergency visits | 3.4 ± 3.1 | 3.4 ± 2.9 | 3.4 ± 3.4 | 3.5 ± 3.0 | 3.4 ± 3.1 | 3.5 ± 2.9 | 3.4 ± 3.3 | 3.3 ± 2.8 |
Health hospital services (three years prior to cohort entry) | ||||||||
All-cause hospital admission | 2.5 ± 2.1 | 2.5 ± 2.0 | 2.5 ± 2.4 | 2.6 ± 2.2 | 2.4 ± 2.0 | 2.5 ± 1.9 | 2.5 ± 2.3 | 2.4 ± 2.0 |
- Citation: Perreault S, Boivin Proulx LA, Lenglet A, Massy ZA, Dorais M. Effectiveness and safety of apixaban and rivaroxaban vs warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation and chronic kidney disease. World J Nephrol 2023; 12(5): 132-146
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-6124/full/v12/i5/132.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5527/wjn.v12.i5.132