Immunoglobulin A vasculitis nephritis: Current understanding of pathogenesis and treatment

Table 2 Treatments according to European treatment guidelines

		Class of drugs	Ref.
Mild IgAVN	First line	Corticosteroids: Oral prednisolone	[60-62]
	Second line (or corticosteroid-sparing agent)	Immunosuppressive therapies: Pulsed methylprednisolone or AZA or MMF, CsA	[6,71,72]
Moderate IgAVN	First line	Corticosteroids: Oral prednisolone and/or pulsed methylprednisolone	[6,60-62]
	Second line (Cortico-dependent and cortico-resistant forms of IgAVN)	Immunosuppressive therapies: AZA, MMF, CYC iv	[71,72]
Severe IgAVN	First line	Immunosoppresive therapies + corticosteroids: AZA or MMF or CYC, CNIs (Cyclosporin A or Tacrolimus), Rituximab, Plasmapheresis	[64-66,74-77]
New drugs: Dapsone, Narsoplimab, Sparsentan			[81,82]
RAS blockers (ACEIs and ARBs) should be used in IgAVN as soon as possible			[78-80]

ACEI: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs: Angiotensin receptor blockers; IgAVN: Immunoglobulin A vasculitis nephritis; AZA: Azathioprine; MMF: Mycophenolate mofetil; CsA: Cyclosporine A; CYC: Cyclophosphamide; CNIs: Calcineurin inhibitors.