Low-molecular-weight dextran for optical coherence tomography may not be protective against kidney injury in patients with renal insufficiency

Table 1 Patients’ characteristics and renal function (entire study cohort)

	Total (n = 421)	Control (n = 342)	LMWD (n = 79)	P value
Sex
Male	281 (66.7)	219 (64.0)	62 (78.5)	0.017
Female	140 (33.3)	123 (36.0)	17 (21.5)
Age, yr	75.0 [69.0, 80.0]	76.0 [69.0, 80.0]	74.0 [68.0, 79.0]	0.178
Body mass index, kg/m2	24.0 [21.1, 26.2]	23.9 [21.1, 26.0]	24.4 [21.3, 26.6]	0.273
Procedure
Coronary angiography	279 (66.3)	238 (69.6)	41 (51.9)	0.004
PCI	142 (33.7)	104 (30.4)	38 (48.1)
Diagnosis
Stable CAD	350 (83.1)	288 (84.2)	62 (78.5)	0.243
Acute coronary syndrome	71 (16.9)	54 (15.8)	17 (21.5)
Prior myocardial infarction	155 (36.8)	106 (31.0)	49 (62.0)	< 0.001
Prior PCI	209 (49.6)	148 (43.3)	61 (77.2)	< 0.001
Prior CABG	22 (5.2)	20 (5.8)	2 (2.5)	0.397
Hypertension	266 (63.2)	210 (61.4)	56 (70.9)	0.122
Dyslipidemia	178 (42.3)	140 (40.9)	38 (48.1)	0.257
Diabetes mellitus	218 (51.8)	172 (50.3)	46 (58.2)	0.214
Stroke	21 (5.0)	20 (5.8)	1 (1.3)	0.147
Current smoking	56 (13.3)	35 (10.2)	21 (26.6)	< 0.001
Serum creatinine, mg/dL	1.33 [1.22, 1.56]	1.33 [1.20, 1.52]	1.36 [1.27, 1.62]	0.057
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2	38.4 [32.9, 42.3]	38.5 [32.6, 42.4]	36.9 [33.1, 41.8]	0.368
GFR category
3b (30 ≤ eGFR < 45)	352 (83.6)	284 (83.0)	68 (86.1)	0.783
4 (15 ≤ eGFR < 30)	64 (15.2)	54 (15.8)	10 (12.6)
5 (eGFR < 15)	5 (1.2)	4 (1.2)	1 (1.3)
Hemoglobin A1c, %	6.3 [5.8, 6.9]	6.3 [5.7, 7.0]	6.4 [6.0, 6.9]	0.109
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, mg/dL	86 [71, 107]	87 [72, 108]	82 [70, 103]	0.301
Hemoglobin, g/dL	11.8 [10.5, 13.4]	11.8 [10.5, 13.4]	12.1 [10.9, 13.5]	0.375
C-reactive protein, mg/dL	0.14 [0.05, 0.42]	0.13 [0.05, 0.40]	0.15 [0.06, 0.53]	0.180
NT-proBNP, pg/mL	864.5 [279.8, 3471.3]	991.0 [288.3, 3700.0]	633.0 [177.3, 1775.5]	0.099
LVEF, %	57 [44, 66]	58 [44, 66]	52 [43, 63]	0.140
Mehran risk score	8 [6, 11]	8 [6, 11]	8 [7, 11]	0.710
Catheterization procedure
Total agent volume, mL	150.0 [103.0, 226.0]	133.0 [92.0, 192.3]	207.0 [167.5, 271.8]	< 0.001
Total contrast volume, mL	135.0 [95.0, 193.0]	133.0 [92.0, 192.3]	140.0 [102.0, 195.0]	0.618
LMWD volume, mL	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]	67.6 [43.3, 86.0]	< 0.001
OCT	79 (40.6)	92 (26.9)	79 (100.0)	< 0.001
Renal function post-procedure
ΔCre within 5 d, mg/dL	−0.01 [-0.11, 0.13]	0.00 [-0.10, 0.14]	−0.03 [-0.14, 0.12]	0.414
ΔCre at 1 mo, mg/dL	−0.01 [-0.15, 0.11]	-0.01 [-0.16, 0.11]	-0.01 [-0.13, 0.09]	0.686
ΔCre at 1 yr, mg/dL	0.01 [-0.13, 0.18]	0.00 [-0.14, 0.16]	0.07 [-0.04, 0.34]	0.004
Acute kidney injury	51 (12.1)	42 (12.3)	9 (11.4)	1.000
Worsening renal function (ΔCre ≥ 0.3 mg/dL/1 yr)	80 (19.0)	58 (17.0)	22 (27.8)	0.039

Data are presented as n (%) or median (25^th-75^th percentile). CABG: Coronary artery bypass graft surgery; CAD: Coronary artery disease; ΔCre: Delta creatinine; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; LMWD: Low-molecular-weight dextran; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide; OCT: Optical coherence tomography; PCI: Percutaneous coronary intervention.