Regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by herpesviruses

Figure 2 β-catenin mediated antiviral interferon response during herpes simplex virus 1 infection. HSV-1 infection induces activation of Akt1 activity. Akt1 phosphorylates β-catenin on Serine 552 inhibiting degradation signaling through GSK-3-mediated phosphorylation of β-catenin on Serine 9. β-catenin can then accumulate in the nucleus to induce transcription of β-catenin target genes such as the antiviral cytokine IFN-β. Akt1: Protein kinase B; HSV-1: Herpes simplex virus 1.