Hepatitis E virus infection: Epidemiology and treatment implications

Table 5 Incidence of detectable hepatitis E virus in blood donors (hepatitis E virus-RNA)

Year of study	Countries	Technique used for detection	No. of tests	Ratio of positive detections	Ref.
2005	China	Real-time fluorescence RT-PCR	10741	1:1094	Ren et al[117]
2011	England	PCR	42000	1:7000	Ijaz et al[118]
2011	German	Real-time RT-PCR	18100	1:4525	Baylis et al[119]
2011	Sweden	Real-time RT-PCR	95835	1:7986	Baylis et al[119]
2011	United States	Real-time RT-PCR	51075	None detected	Baylis et al[119]
2011	German	Real-time RT-PCR	16125	1:1241	Vollmer et al[120]
2011-2012	The Netherlands	Real-time PCR	45415	1:2672	Slot et al[121]
2012-2013	England	RT-PCR	225000	1:2848	Hewitt et al[122]
2012	France	RT-PCR	53234	1:2218	Gallian et al[123]
2013	Spain	Transcription-mediated amplification assay	9998	1:3333	Sauleda et al[124]

RT-PCR: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.