Purinergic signaling and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome: From viral entry to therapy

Figure 1 Schematic representation of the purinergic pathway. ATP is broken down to ADP and AMP by NTPDase or directly to AMP by pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (NPP). AMP is converted to adenosine by 5′-ectonucleotidase (CD73). Adenosine deaminase (ADA) transforms adenosine into inosine which is converted in hypoxanthine by purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP). Xantine oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid.