Viral hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus co-infections in Asia

Table 1 Prevalence, risk factors, and the main vital genotypes identified in hepatitis B virus/human immunodeficiency virus co-infected individuals in Asia

Country	Prevalence (%)	Risk factors	Main genotype	Ref.
Southeast Asia
Indonesia	3.2 15.3 7.0	Sexual IDU Men with IDU	B3 B3 B3, D1, B2, C1	Anggorowati et al[15], 2012 Utsumi et al[6], 2013 Fibriani et al[16], 2014
Myanmar	8.7	Homosexual men		Zaw SK et al[17], 2013
Thailand	13.0 3.3 11.9	HB vaccination women		Aurpibul et al[18], 2012 Peters et al[19], 2013 Tsuchiya et al[20], 2013
Vietnam	28.0 15.2 10.3	IDU CSW	B4, B2, C1, C5	Dunford et al[21], 2012 Sereno et al[22], 2012
East Asia
China	4.9 6.3 7.2 6.1	Older children ethnicity Sexual Sexual		Zhou et al[23], 2010 He et al[24], 2011 Maimaiti[25], 2012 Chen et al[26], 2013
Japan	8.8 6.4 7.9 6.0	Homosexual men Homosexual men Homosexual men Homosexual men	Ae	Gatanaga et al[27], 2007 Koike et al[28], 2008 Fujisaki et al[29], 2011 Yanagimoto et al[30], 2012
South Asia
India	9.0 11.3 1.5	Hetero sexual Hetero sexual men	D > A > C	Saravanan et al[31], 2007 Saha et al[32], 2013 Saravanan et al[33], 2014

IDU: Injecting drug user; CSW: Commercial sex worker.