Unveiling the impact: COVID-19's influence on bacterial resistance in the Kingdom of Bahrain

doi:10.5501/wjv.v14.i1.100501

Advanced Search

BPG is committed to discovery and dissemination of knowledge

Home / Archive / Volume 14, Issue 1

This Article

Academic Content and Language Evaluation of This Article

CrossCheck and Google Search of This Article

Academic Rules and Norms of This Article

Supplementary Materials of This Article

Citation of this article

Corresponding Author of This Article

Research Domain of This Article

Article-Type of This Article

Open-Access Policy of This Article

Times Cited Counts in Google of This Article

Number of Hits and Downloads for This Article

Total Article Views (808)

All Articles published online

The chart showing PDF series, HTML series, Figures (1-3) series, Tables (1-2) series.

Item

Count

PDF

HTML

427

Figures (1-3)

107

Tables (1-2)

128

Sum=691

Publishing Process of This Article

The chart showing Browse series, Download series.

Item

Count

Browse

Download

Sum=82

Mar 25, 2025 (publication date) through Feb 8, 2025

Times Cited of This Article

Times Cited (0)

Journal Information of This Article

Publication Name

World Journal of Virology

ISSN

2220-3249

Publisher of This Article

Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Study

World J Virol. Mar 25, 2025; 14(1): 100501
Published online Mar 25, 2025. doi: 10.5501/wjv.v14.i1.100501

Table 1 Comparison of bacterial isolates over three periods (before, during, and after the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic)

Organism	Pre-pandemic			Early pandemic			Post-peak pandemic			P value (2018-2019 vs 2020-2021)	P value (2020-2021 vs 2022-2023)	P value (2018-2019 vs 2022-2023)
Organism	Year 2018	Year 2019	Total	Year 2020	Year 2021	Total	Year 2022	Year 2023	Total	P value (2018-2019 vs 2020-2021)	P value (2020-2021 vs 2022-2023)	P value (2018-2019 vs 2022-2023)
Escherichia coli	2061	1416	3477	1316	1549	2865	1635	3400	5035	< 0.01^a	< 0.01^a	< 0.01^a
Klebsiella pneumoniae	1133	908	2041	809	969	1778	892	1354	2246	0.04^a	0.05	0.03^a
Proteus mirabilis	204	129	333	117	131	248	144	151	295	0.08	0.12	0.15
Enterobacter spp.	307	241	548	173	196	369	201	279	480	0.03^a	0.06	0.04^a
Salmonella spp.	149	103	252	104	118	222	162	579	741	0.05	< 0.01^a	< 0.01^a
Citrobacter spp.	116	116	232	88	101	189	123	159	282	0.07	0.02^a	0.05
Serratia marsescenes	84	97	181	77	115	192	97	119	216	0.35	0.20	0.30
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	835	577	1412	550	627	1177	668	683	1351	0.10	0.18	0.19
Acinetobacter baumannii	297	272	569	323	336	659	317	353	670	0.06	0.07	0.08
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia	133	129	262	102	139	241	128	112	240	0.20	0.45	0.35
Haemaphilus influenzae	122	99	221	44	40	84	117	116	233	< 0.01^a	< 0.01^a	< 0.01^a
Staphylococcus aureus	1631	1248	2879	1102	1169	2271	1363	1591	2954	0.02^a	0.04^a	0.05
Enterococcus spp.	730	486	1216	511	806	1317	712	856	1568	0.05	0.04^a	0.05
Coagulase-negative Staphylococci	1062	955	2017	1060	1734	2794	1498	1433	2931	0.10	0.12	0.15
Streptococcus pyogenes	127	83	210	42	21	63	16	99	115	< 0.01^a	< 0.01^a	< 0.01^a
Streptococcus pneumoniae	106	75	181	33	47	80	90	86	176	< 0.01^a	0.05	< 0.01^a

^aMeans significant P value.

Statistically significant changes (P < 0.05) are observed between the three periods for several organisms, including Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Haemaphilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. These organisms show significant variations in their prevalence before, during, and after the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Non-significant changes (P > 0.05) are observed for organisms like Serratia marsescenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis, indicating more stable trends.

Citation: Saeed NK, Almusawi SK, Albalooshi NA, Al-Beltagi M. Unveiling the impact: COVID-19's influence on bacterial resistance in the Kingdom of Bahrain. World J Virol 2025; 14(1): 100501
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3249/full/v14/i1/100501.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5501/wjv.v14.i1.100501