Viral-host molecular interactions and metabolic modulation: Strategies to inhibit flaviviruses pathogenesis

Table 1 Summary of therapeutic options for flaviviruses and vaccines

Antiviral drug	Therapy name	Development stage	Target action site	Available data	Ongoing trials	Classification	Ref.
Favipiravir	Avigan	Clinical trials	Viral RNA polymerase	Some efficacies in clinical trials; used in Japan for influenza and Ebola	Ongoing trials for dengue and Zika	RNA-based therapy	[18]
Ribavirin	Virazole	Completed/discontinued	Viral RNA polymerase	Mixed results; used for HCV, not widely effective for flaviviruses	Not actively pursued for flavivirus	RNA-based therapy	[18]
Sofosbuvir	Sovaldi	Completed/discontinued	Viral RNA polymerase	Highly effective for HCV; no data for flavivirus	No ongoing trials for flavivirus	RNA-based therapy	[42]
Interferon-alpha	Intron A	Clinical trials	Immune modulation	Used for hepatitis B and C; some efficacy in flavivirus treatment	Trials for dengue and West Nile	Immunotherapy	[38]
Dengvaxia	Dengue vaccine	Approved	Immune response	Approved for dengue; mixed safety and efficacy profiles	Post-marketing surveillance ongoing	Immunotherapy	[50]
Chimeric yellow fever 17D-tetravalent dengue vaccine	Dengue vaccine	Approved	Immune response	Approved for dengue; mixed safety and efficacy profiles	Post-marketing surveillance ongoing	Immunotherapy	[50]

HCV: Hepatitis C virus.