Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Virol. Dec 25, 2024; 13(4): 99070
Published online Dec 25, 2024. doi: 10.5501/wjv.v13.i4.99070
Table 2 A list of systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the association between human herpesviruses and periodontitis
Ref.
Study design
Findings
Conclusion
Reported statistical significance
Jakovljevic et al[27], 2022Umbrella review including six meta-analyses on HHVs detection in MP and apical periodontitis of endodontic origin (APEO)MP risk increased with subgingival HHVs. The connection was robust (OR > 3.0), although confidence intervals were broad, heterogeneity was high, and studies were small. However, systematic reviews of APEO and HHVs found no significant relationshipsThere was a substantial correlation between HHVs and MP, but not APEO, according to low-quality, highly unclear researchMP: Yes; APEO: No
Arduino et al[26], 2023Meta-analysis of eight observational studies on HSV-1 in endodontic peri-apical lesions including 194 adult patientsPooled HSV-1 prevalence was 4.8% (95%CI: 2.0%–11.4%; adjusted for small-study effect); 8.1% (95%CI: 4.4%–14.5%, quality-adjusted); and 6.8% (95%CI: 3.6%–11.0%, random-effects)3%–11% of periapical disease patients had HSV-1 colonization. Such data do not suggest HSV-1 causes the onset and progression of periodontitisNo
Arduino et al[25], 2022Meta-analysis of twelve case–control and cross- sectional studies (738 cases, 551 controls), investigating HSV-1 in subgingival plaque/crevicular fluid and periodontitisFor any type of periodontitis, the pooled ORs were 44 (95%CI: 1.9–10.2); for chronic periodontitis, they were 28 (95%CI: 1.0–8.3); and for aggressive periodontitis, they were 118 (95%CI: 5.4–25.8)HSV-1 was associated with periodontitisYes
Maulani et al[21], 2021Meta-analysis of studies on EBV, involving 1354 periodontitis patients and 819 healthy controlsWhen subgingival EBV was found, there was an increased incidence of periodontitis: OR = 7.069 (95%CI: 4.197–11.905, P < 0.001)An elevated risk of periodontitis is linked to a high frequency of EBV detectionYes
Roca-Millan et al[22], 2021Meta-analysis of five researches on EBV and peri-implantitis. The study included 274 patients (125 men and 149 women) and 388 implants (197 healthy, 166 peri-implantitis, and 25 mucositis)In the peri-implant sulcus, there was no significant difference in EBV presence between peri-implantitis and healthy implant groups (OR = 4.14; 95%CI: 0.93-18.37; P = 0.06)EBV prevalence in the sulcus was not statistically different between peri-implantitis and normal implant groupsNo
Li et al[28], 2017Meta-analysis of twelve case-control studies on the presence of HHVs in AgP involving 322 patients and 342 controlsEBV showed substantial connection with AgP, however publication bias was present (10 studies: OR = 6.11, 95%CI: 2.13–17.51, P = 0.0008). HCMV and HSV-1 also showed significant associations (12 studies: OR = 3.63, 95%CI: 2.15–6.13 P = 0.009; 4 studies: OR = 19.19, 95%CI: 4.16–79.06, P < 0.001). Relation between HSV-2 and AgP was inconclusive (2 studies: OR = 3.46, 95%CI: 0.51–23.51, P = 0.20)AgP showed strong associations with EBV, HCMV, and HSV-1. But there was a lot of heterogeneity among the studiesYes
Zhu et al[29], 2015Meta-analysis of 12 studies (including 552 cases and 371 controls) investigated the association between HHVs and chronic periodontitisEBV: 12 studies (OR = 5.74, 95%CI: 2.53–13.00, P < 0.001). HCMV: 10 studies (OR = 3.59, 95%CI: 1.41–9.16, P = 0.007). HSV: 2 studies (OR = 2.81 95%CI: 0.95–8.27, P = 0.06). HHV-7: 1 study (OR = 1.00, 95%CI: 0.21–4.86)Chronic periodontitis was highly correlated with both HCMV and EBV. Inadequate evidence was found for HHV-7 and HSVEBV: Yes; HCMV: Yes; HSV: No; HHV-7: No
Botero et al[24], 2020Meta-analysis of 32 studies on HCMV in periodontitis (26 studies involving periodontitis and 6 involving apical periodontitis)Significantly elevated periodontitis risks with subgingival HCMV (OR = 5.31; 95%CI: 3.15-8.97). HCMV was not linked to apical periodontitis (OR 3.65; 95%CI: 0.49-27.10)HCMV was significantly associated with periodontitis but not with apical periodontitisPeriodontitis: Yes; Apical periodontitis: No
Gao et al[23], 2017Meta-analysis of 21 case–control studies (including 995 patients and 564 healthy people) on the association between EBV and periodontitisSignificant differences were found in the odds of periodontitis and EBV detection (OR = 6.199, 95%CI: 3.119–12.319, P < 0.001)An elevated risk of periodontal diseases was connected with a high prevalence of EBVYes
Alzahrani[19], 2016Systematic review of 12 studies on the association between HHVs and risk of AgP and APIn contrast to healthy individuals, HHVs (HSV, CMV, and EBV) levels were elevated and linked to AgP and APYes
Jakovljevic et al[30], 2014Meta-analysis of 17 cross-sectional studies on the association of HCMV and EBV with apical periodontitisNo statistically significant relationship between the presence of HCMV and EBV messenger RNA transcripts (P = 0.083 and P = 0.306, respectively) and the clinical features of apical periodontitisHCMV and EBV were common in symptomatic and large-size periapical lesions, but not statistically significantNo