Association between alcohol-associated cirrhosis and inpatient complications among COVID-19 patients: A propensity-matched analysis from the United States

Table 2 Inpatient outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 patients with and without alcohol-associated cirrhosis, n (%)

Variables	Alcoholic cirrhosis	No alcoholic cirrhosis (before matching)	P value	No alcoholic cirrhosis (after matching)	P value
n	1325	736685		1135
Asthma exacerbation	5 (0.4)	13170 (1.8)	< 0.001	5 (0.4)	0.81
ARDS	80 (6.0)	31970 (4.3)	0.002	100 (8.8)	0.008
Type I respiratory failure	545 (41.1)	379975 (51.6)	< 0.001	475 (41.9)	0.72
Type II respiratory failure	15 (1.1)	7640 (1.0)	0.73	15 (1.3)	0.67
Bacterial pneumonia	10 (0.8)	6005 (0.8)	0.81	10 (0.9)	0.73
Klebsiella pneumonia	0 (0.0)	1425 (0.2)	0.11	0 (0.0)	-
Streptococcus pneumonia	0 (0.0)	805 (0.1)	0.23	0 (0.0)	-
Staphylococcus pneumonia	5 (0.4)	3850 (0.5)	0.46	10 (0.9)	0.11
Hemophilus pneumonia	5 (0.4)	300 (< 1)	< 0.001	0 (0.0)	-
Anosmia	0 (0.0)	1240 (0.2)	0.14	0 (0.0)	-
Hemorrhagic CVA	0 (0.0)	615 (0.1)	0.29	0 (0.0)	-
Ischemic CVA	0 (0.0)	475 (0.1)	0.36	0 (0.0)	-
Dysgeusia	0 (0.0)	695 (0.1)	0.26	0 (0.0)	-
Diarrhea	80 (6.0)	44110 (6.0)	0.94	65 (5.7)	0.74
Septic shock	75 (5.7)	21780 (3.0)	< 0.001	47 (4.1)	0.007
SVT	30 (2.3)	9375 (1.3)	0.001	25 (2.2)	0.92
VT	20 (1.5)	10065 (1.4)	0.65	40 (3.5)	0.001
Vfib/Vflutter	5 (0.4)	1315 (0.2)	0.087	0 (0.0)	0.038
Afib	175 (13.2)	77340 (10.5)	0.001	100 (8.8)	< 0.001
Aflutter	115 (8.7)	47410 (6.4)	< 0.001	50 (4.4)	< 0.001
First-degree AV nodal block	10 (0.8)	3250 (0.4)	0.086	0 (0.0)	0.003
Second-degree AV nodal block	0 (0.0)	1515 (0.2)	0.098	0 (0.0)	-
Complete AV nodal block	0 (0.0)	1375 (0.2)	0.12	10 (0.9)	< 0.001
ECMO	0 (0.0)	120 (< 1)	0.64	0 (0.0)	-
Total acute VTE	50 (3.8)	26120 (3.5)	0.65	75 (6.6)	0.001
Portal venous thrombosis	5 (0.4)	190 (< 1)	< 0.001	15 (1.3)	0.009
Budd Chiari	0 (0.0)	35 (< 1)	0.80	0 (0.0)	-
Upper extremity VTE	20 (1.5)	1960 (0.3)	< 0.001	0 (0.0)	< 0.001
Lower extremity VTE	10 (0.8)	8050 (1.1)	0.24	10 (0.9)	0.73
Other VTE	10 (0.8)	1285 (0.2)	< 0.001	5 (0.4)	0.32
Pulmonary embolism	20 (1.5)	18055 (2.5)	0.027	50 (4.4)	< 0.001
Variceal bleeding	50 (3.8)	100 (< 1)	< 0.001	0 (0.0)	< 0.001
Hepatorenal syndrome	5 (0.4)	140 (< 1)	< 0.001	15 (1.3)	0.009
Hyponatremia	325 (24.5)	123080 (16.7)	< 0.001	285 (25.1)	0.74
Pulmonary hypertension	280 (21.1)	1210 (0.2)	< 0.001	75 (6.6)	< 0.001
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis	15 (1.1)	35 (< 1)	< 0.001	5 (0.4)	0.057
Acute liver failure	4 (0.34)	303 (0.45)	< 0.001	4 (0.30)	0.82
New HD	2 (0.15)	750 (0.11)	< 0.001	0 (0)	0.1

ARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome; CVA: Cerebrovascular accident; SVT: Supraventricular tachycardia; VT: Ventricular tachycardia; Vfib: Ventricular fibrillation; Vflutter: Ventricular flutter; Afib: Atrial fibrillation; AV: Atrioventricular; ECMO: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; VTE: Venous thromboembolism; HD: Hemodialysis.