COVID-19 in patients with pre-existing chronic liver disease – predictors of outcomes

Table 6 Risk factors associated with adverse outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 affected patients with chronic liver disease

Demographics	Etiology	Clinical parameters	Underlying disease severity	Biochemical parameters
Age > 60 yr; Hispanic and black ethnicity; Diabetes mellitus; Hypertension; Obesity	Alcohol; HBeAg positivity among CHB; AIH on immunosuppressants	Respiratory failure: CURB-65 score; Decompensation at baseline; ACLF at presentation	CTP score; MELD score; FIB-4 index	Elevated creatinine; Leucocytosis; AST levels; ALT levels; CRP

ACLF: Acute-on-chronic liver failure; AIH: Autoimmune hepatitis; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; CRP: C-reactive protein; CTP: Child-Turcotte-Pugh score; CURB-65: Confusion, Uremia, Respiratory rate, BP, age > 65 years, FIB-4: Fibrosis 4 score; MELD: Model for end stage liver disease.