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©The Author(s) 2023.
World J Virol. Jan 25, 2023; 12(1): 30-43
Published online Jan 25, 2023. doi: 10.5501/wjv.v12.i1.30
Published online Jan 25, 2023. doi: 10.5501/wjv.v12.i1.30
Table 1 Studies showing clinical outcomes of chronic liver disease in coronavirus disease 2019 and associated risk factors
Ref. | Type | Clinical outcomes | Predictors of outcomes |
Iavarone et al[53] | Multicentric retrospective study of 50 cirrhotics | ACLF and de novo acute liver injury: 28%; 30-d mortality: 34% | Predictors of mortality: CLIF-OF (HR: 1.426); Moderate/severe respiratory failure (HR: 1.608) |
Marjot et al[22] | Retrospective data from United Kingdom hospital network including 745 patients with CLD (386 with and 359 without cirrhosis) | Acute hepatic decompensation: 46%; ACLF: 50%; Mortality in cirrhosis, ACLF, and non-cirrhotics: 32%, 65%, and 8% | Predictors of mortality: ALD (OR: 1.79); Child-Pugh class: Child-Pugh A +2.0%, Child-Pugh B +20.0%, Child-Pugh C +38.1%. Predictors of decompensation: Child-Pugh class |
Ge et al[16] | Data from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) dataset of 6.4 million cases | 3.31 times adjusted hazard of death in cirrhotics at 30 d than non-cirrhotics | Predictors of 30-d mortality: Age (aHR: 1.05 per year); Hispanic ethnicity (aHR: 1.20); Chronic hepatitis C (aHR: 1.27); ALD (aHR: 1.40); Modified CCI (aHR: 1.07 per point) |
Elhence et al[24] | Retrospective analysis of 221 cirrhosis patients | Compensated cirrhosis: 8.1%; Acute decompensation: 62.9%; ACLF: 29.0%; MODS: 55.6%; Type 1 respiratory failure: 20.0%; Sudden cardiac arrest: 6.7%; GI bleeding: 3.3% | Predictors of mortality: Higher TLC [HR: 1.054]; Elevated creatinine [HR: 1.184]; MELD score [HR: 1.038]; Alkaline phosphatase [HR: 1.003]; COVID-19 severity [HR: 2.573]; ACLF on presentation (HR: 2.573) |
Xiao et al[52] | Medical records collected from 23 Chinese hospitals | Decompensated cirrhosis: 57.5%; Mortality: 28.9% | Factors associated with mortality: Child-Pugh class (OR: 5.71); CURB65 (OR: 5.88) |
Grgurevic et al[48] | 4014 patients | Four times higher risk of 30-d mortality in cirrhosis | Predictor of 30-d mortality: Cirrhosis (HR: 2.95) |
Mendizabal et al[17] | Prospective cohort of 96 cirrhosis patients | Mortality in cirrhotic: 47% vs 16% in non-cirrhotics; Acute decompensation: 61.4%; ACLF: 55.2% | Factors associated with mortality: Age > 65 yr (OR: 7.2); Male gender (OR: 1.8); BMI > 30 (OR: 1.7); Cirrhosis (OR: 3.1) |
Kim et al[18] | Multicentre observational cohort study in 21 institutes in United States with 867 CLD cases (227 with cirrhosis) | Mortality: 25%; Hepatic decompensation: 7.7%; Hepatic encephalopathy: 34.3%; Ascites: 16.4%; Variceal bleed: 10.4% | Predictors of all-cause mortality: ALD (HR: 2.42); Hepatic decompensation at baseline (HR: 2.91); HCC (HR: 3.31); Increasing age (HR:1.44 per 10 yr); Diabetes (HR: 1.59); Hypertension (HR:1.77); COPD (HR:1.77); Current smoking (HR: 2.48) |
Sarin et al[37] | Retrospective data from 13 Asian countries with228 patients [185 CLD without cirrhosis and 43 with cirrhosis] | ACLF: 11.6%; Acute decompensation: 9%; Mortality rate: 43% among decompensated cirrhotics | Predictors of sever liver injury: In CLD without cirrhosis, diabetes [57.7% vs 39.7%, OR: 2.1 (1.1-3.7)]; In cirrhotics, obesity [64.3% vs 17.2%, OR: 8.1 (1.9-38.8). Predictor of mortality: CTP score of 9 or more at presentation [AUROC 0.94, HR:19.2] |
Xiang et al[54] | Retrospective cohort study of 267 patients | Severe COVID-19: 15%; High-flow oxygen support: 14%; Mechanical ventilator support: 4%; Death: 1 | Predictor of severity: FIB-4 > 3.25 |
- Citation: Walia D, Saraya A, Gunjan D. COVID-19 in patients with pre-existing chronic liver disease – predictors of outcomes. World J Virol 2023; 12(1): 30-43
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3249/full/v12/i1/30.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5501/wjv.v12.i1.30