Educational, psychosocial, and clinical impact of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic on medical students in the United States

Table 5 Univariate analysis on sample population psychosocial impact of coronavirus disease 2019

Psychosocial impact	Low anxiety, N = 90 (%)	High anxiety, N = 219 (%)	Total, N = 309 (%)	Sig.
I am worried about COVID-19 pandemic in general				< 0.01
1 = Strongly disagree	3 (75)	1 (25)	4 (1.29)
2 = Disagree	11 (68.75)	5 (31.25)	16 (5.18)
3 = Neutral	15 (48.39)	16 (51.61)	31 (10.03)
4 = Agree	46 (34.59)	87 (65.41)	133 (43.04)
5 = Strongly Agree	15 (12)	110 (88)	125 (40.45)
I am worried about contracting COVID-19				< 0.01
1 = Strongly disagree	11 (55)	9 (45)	20 (6.47)
2 = Disagree	25 (39.06)	39 (60.94)	64 (20.71)
3 = Neutral	31 (34.44)	59 (65.56)	90 (29.13)
4 = Agree	21 (18.92)	90 (81.08)	111 (35.92)
5 = Strongly agree	2 (8.33)	22 (91.67)	24 (7.77)
If applicable, how has your utilization of mental health resources changed?				< 0.01
Increased	9 (17.31)	43 (82.69)	52 (16.83)
Decreased	2 (7.41)	25 (92.59)	27 (8.74)
Unchanged	59 (32.07)	125 (67.93)	184 (59.55)
Does not apply	20 (43.48)	26 (56.52)	46 (14.89)
Mental health services the university provides: Psychologist				0.29
No	31 (33.33)	62 (66.67)	93 (30.1)
Yes	59 (27.31)	157 (72.69)	216 (69.9)
Mental health services the university provides: Psychiatrist				0.84
No	59 (29.5)	141 (70.5)	200 (64.72)
Yes	31 (28.44)	78 (71.56)	109 (35.28)
Mental health services the university provides: 24 hour emergency hotline				0.7
No	41 (28.08)	105 (71.92)	146 (47.25)
Yes	49 (30.06)	114 (69.94)	163 (52.75)
Mental health services the university provides: Does not apply				0.02
No	73 (26.84)	199 (73.16)	272 (88.03)
Yes	17 (45.95)	20 (54.05)	37 (11.97)
On a scale of 1-10, how accessible do you find mental health services?				0.21
1	3 (33.33)	6 (66.67)	9 (2.95)
2	0 (0)	5 (100)	5 (1.64)
3	4 (21.05)	15 (78.95)	19 (6.23)
4	1 (11.11)	8 (88.89)	9 (2.95)
5	10 (19.23)	42 (80.77)	52 (17.05)
6	8 (25.81)	23 (74.19)	31 (10.16)
7	17 (32.08)	36 (67.92)	53 (17.38)
8	20 (36.36)	35 (63.64)	55 (18.03)
9	4 (19.05)	17 (80.95)	21 (6.89)
10	20 (39.22)	31 (60.78)	51 (16.72)
Most Stress: Residency applications				0.03
No	68 (33.01)	138 (66.99)	206 (66.67)
Yes	22 (21.36)	81 (78.64)	103 (33.33)
Most Stress: Community well-being				0.12
No	56 (26.42)	156 (73.58)	212 (68.61)
Yes	34 (35.05)	63 (64.95)	97 (31.39)
Most Stress: Personal well-being				0.31
No	57 (31.32)	125 (68.68)	182 (58.9)
Yes	33 (25.98)	94 (74.02)	127 (51.1)
Most Stress: Family well-being				0.08
No	56 (33.33)	112 (66.67)	168 (54.37)
Yes	34 (24.11)	107 (75.89)	141 (45.63)
Most Stress: Clinical education related to COVID-19				0.05
No	70 (32.41)	146 (67.59)	216 (69.9)
Yes	20 (21.51)	73 (78.49)	93 (30.1)
Most Stress: Limited to only essential activities				0.04
No	47 (24.87)	142 (75.13)	189 (61.17)
Yes	43 (35.83)	77 (64.17)	120 (38.83)

COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019.