Educational, psychosocial, and clinical impact of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic on medical students in the United States

Table 4 Univariate analysis on sample population educational impact of coronavirus disease 2019

Educational impact	Low anxiety, N = 90 (%)	High anxiety, N = 219 (%)	Total, N = 309 (%)	Sig.
Was your current academic activity (for example clinical rotations, in-personal class, etc.) cancelled, and not moved online?				0.29
Yes	20 (24.39)	62 (75.61)	82 (26.62)
No	69 (30.53)	157 (69.47)	226 (73.38)
Were your future academic activities cancelled?				0.02
Yes	31 (22.63)	106 (77.37)	137 (44.34)
No	59 (34.3)	113 (65.7)	172 (55.66)
Is information being supplemented through distance/online learning?				< 0.01
No	0 (0)	17 (100)	17 (5.52)
Yes	89 (30.58)	202 (69.42)	291 (94.48)
How has your overall workload been affected?				< 0.01
Increased	5 (11.36)	39 (88.64)	44 (14.24)
Decreased	60 (36.14)	106 (63.86)	166 (53.72)
Unchanged	25 (26.6)	69 (73.4)	94 (30.42)
Does not apply	0 (0)	5 (100)	5 (1.62)
How has your research productivity been affected?				< 0.01
Increased	15 (38.46)	24 (61.54)	39 (12.62)
Decreased	23 (25.56)	67 (74.44)	90 (29.13)
Unchanged	20 (50)	20 (50)	40 (12.94)
Does not apply	32 (22.86)	108 (77.14)	140 (45.31)
Has the school year end date been:				0.04
Cancelled	1 (14.29)	6 (85.71)	7 (2.27)
Postponed	0 (0)	8 (100)	8 (2.59)
Unchanged	76 (30.89)	170 (69.11)	246 (79.61)
Moved forward	2 (16.67)	10 (83.33)	12 (3.88)
Does not apply	8 (53.33)	7 (46.67)	15 (4.85)
I don’t know	3 (14.29)	18 (85.71)	21 (6.8)
Has graduation been:				0.24
Cancelled	15 (23.08)	50 (76.92)	65 (21.1)
Postponed	3 (60)	2 (40)	5 (1.62)
Unchanged	44 (32.59)	91 (67.41)	135 (43.83)
Moved forward	0 (0)	5 (100)	5 (1.62)
Does not apply	21 (30.43)	48 (69.57)	69 (22.4)
I don’t know	7 (24.14)	22 (75.86)	29 (9.42)
If applicable have your USMLE exams or equivalent state exams been postponed?				< 0.01
Yes	25 (19.84)	101 (80.16)	126 (40.78)
No	11 (36.67)	19 (63.33)	30 (9.71)
Does not apply	53 (38.41)	85 (61.59)	138 (44.66)
Not sure	1 (6.67)	14 (93.33)	15 (4.85)
If the COVID-19 pandemic extends until or past August, I am concerned it will have a major effect on my continuing semesters or residency position				< 0.01
1 = Strongly disagree	3 (100)	0 (0)	3 (0.97)
2 = Disagree	12 (70.59)	5 (29.41)	17 (5.5)
3 = Neutral	6 (26.09)	17 (73.91)	23 (7.44)
4 = Agree	34 (41.98)	47 (58.02)	81 (26.21)
5 = Strongly agree	27 (17.2)	130 (82.8)	157 (50.81)
Does not apply	8 (28.57)	20 (71.43)	28 (9.06)
How effectively have your medical school leadership been managing this outbreak?				< 0.01
Inadequate	11 (13.58)	70 (86.42)	81 (26.47)
Appropriate	79 (36.07)	140 (63.93)	219 (71.57)
Excessive	0 (0)	6 (100)	6 (1.96)
Which of the following best describes your medical school communication efforts to students?				< 0.01
Overly frequent updates	8 (33.33)	16 (66.67)	24 (7.79)
Adequately frequent updates	69 (35.38)	126 (64.62)	195 (63.31)
Infrequent updates	11 (14.47)	65 (85.53)	76 (24.68)
No regular updates	2 (15.38)	11 (84.62)	13 (4.22)

COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; USMLE: The United States Medical Licensing Examination.