Educational, psychosocial, and clinical impact of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic on medical students in the United States

Table 3 Univariate analysis on sample population general impact of coronavirus disease 2019

General impact	Low anxiety, N = 90 (%)	High anxiety, N = 219 (%)	Total, N = 309 (%)	Sig.
Usual living situation during the school year (i.e. before the pandemic)				0.97
Home with family	8 (30.77)	18 (69.23)	26 (8.41)
Off-campus housing Apartment- House	78 (28.89)	192 (71.11)	270 (87.38)
Campus housing – School dormitory or apartment	4 (30.77)	9 (69.23)	13 (4.21)
Change in living situation during the pandemic				0.04
No	63 (33.33)	126 (66.67)	189 (61.17)
Yes	27 (22.5)	93 (77.5)	120 (38.83)
Currently living with				0.54
Alone	13 (28.89)	32 (71.11)	45 (14.56)
With spouse partner	36 (34.29)	69 (65.71)	105 (33.98)
With family	27 (25.47)	79 (74.53)	106 (34.3)
With roommates	14 (29.17)	34 (70.83)	48 (15.53)
Temporarily staying with friends or couch surfing	0 (0)	3 (100)	3 (0.97)
Other	0 (0)	2 (100)	2(0.65)
I have easy access to testing for COVID-19 through my medical school/center if needed				0.23
1 = Strongly disagree	9 (21.95)	32 (78.05)	41 (13.27)
2 = Disagree	18 (22.5)	62 (77.5)	80 (25.89)
3 = Neutral	26 (31.71)	56 (68.29)	82 (26.54)
4 = Agree	22 (31.88)	47 (68.12)	69 (22.33)
5 = Strongly agree	15 (40.54)	22 (59.46)	37 (11.97)
Do you currently feel sick with symptoms of COVID-19?				0.36
No	90 (29.32)	217 (70.68)	307 (99.35)
Yes	0 (0)	2 (100)	2 (0.65)
Have you been tested for COVID-19				0.82
No	86 (29.35)	207 (70.65)	293 (95.13)
Yes, awaiting test result	1 (25)	3 (75)	4 (1.3)
Yes, result was negative	3 (33.33)	6 (66.67)	9 (2.92)
Yes, result was positive	0 (0)	2 (100)	2 (0.65)
Has a close relative or friend tested positive for COVID-19?				0.2
No	70 (31.25)	154 (68.75)	224 (72.73)
Yes	20 (23.81)	64 (76.19)	84 (27.27)
Resources used to educate about COVID-19-WHO CDC?				0.67
No	14 (31.82)	30 (68.18)	44 (14.24)
Yes	76 (28.68)	189 (71.32)	265 (85.76)
Resources used to educate about COVID-19-Reading publications?				0.9
No	22 (29.73)	52 (70.27)	74 (23.95)
Yes	68 (28.94)	167 (71.06)	235 (76.05)
Resources used to educate about COVID-19-Lectures educational resources from school?				0.52
No	27 (76.73)	74 (73.27)	101 (32.69)
Yes	63 (30.29)	145 (69.71)	208 (67.31)
Resources used to educate about COVID-19-Social media?				0.17
No	40 (33.61)	79 (66.39)	119 (38.51)
Yes	50 (26.32)	140 (73.68)	190 (61.49)
Medical school or center providing adequate access to PPE: Gowns				0.27
No	81 (28.32)	205 (71.68)	286 (92.56)
Yes	9 (39.13)	14 (60.87)	23 (7.44)
Medical school or center providing adequate access to PPE: Gloves				0.35
No	81 (28.42)	204 (71.58)	285 (92.23)
Yes	9 (37.5)	15 (62.5)	24 (7.77)
Medical school or center providing adequate access to PPE: Face shield or eye protection				0.21
No	81 (28.22)	206 (71.78)	287 (92.88)
Yes	9 (40.91)	13 (59.09)	22 (7.12)
Medical school or center providing adequate access to PPE: Surgical mask				0.35
No	81 (28.42)	204 (71.58)	285 (92.23)
Yes	9 (37.5)	15 (62.5)	24 (7.77)
Medical school or center providing adequate access to PPE: N95 or FF3 masks				0.14
No	82 (28.18)	209 (71.82)	291 (94.17)
Yes	8 (44.44)	10 (55.56)	18 (5.83)
Medical school or center providing adequate access to PPE: None				< 0.01
No	85 (32.2)	179 (67.8)	264 (85.44)
Yes	5 (11.11)	40 (88.89)	45 (14.56)
Medical school or center providing adequate access to PPE: I do not know				0.02
No	14 (18.42)	62 (81.58)	76 (24.6)
Yes	76 (32.62)	157 (67.38)	233 (75.4)

COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; CDC: The Center for Disease Control and Prevention; PPE: Personal protective equipment; WHO: World Health Organization.