Oncolytic virus therapy in cancer: A current review

Table 2 Genetic modifications in the vaccinia virus

Ref.	Virus	Updates	Aim
Parato et al[226]	JX-594	Express GM-CSF and lacZ transgenes	Increase lytic activity and antitumor immunity
John et al[227]	vvDD-GFP	Insertion of an Ab specific for the costimulatory molecule 4-1BB	Increase antitumor responses with myeloid cells, greater infiltration of CD8+ effector T and NK cells
Zhang et al[228]	GLV-1 h68	Insertion of three expression cassettes into the A56R, F14.5L, and J2R	Increased tumor targeting specificity and reduced toxicity
Yoo et al[229]	CVV	Deletion of viral thymidine kinase genes	Regression of liver tumorigenicity and metastasis to the colon
Ricordel et al[230]	deVV5	TK-deleted chimeric VV armed with the suicide gene FCU1	Union of different VV strains, with increased oncolytic properties, with more efficient replication in human tumor cells
Ge et al[231]	vvDD-IL-12	Oncolytic VV delivering tethered IL-12	Increase tumor infiltration of activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, decrease the transforming growth factor β and increase interferon γ
Deng et al[232]	VG9	The oncolytic potency of VG9 was evaluated in various cell lines	Evaluate replication and cytotoxicity in vitro, antitumor effects and process of biodistribution of VG9 in a B16 tumor model

Ab: Agonist antibody; GM-CSF: Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; IL-12: Interleukin 12; NK: Natural killer; TK: Thymidine kinase; VV: Vaccinia virus.