Emerging therapeutics in the management of COVID-19

Table 2 Antivirals (a survey)

Drug	Current use/FDA approval	Proposed mechanism of action	Published trials
Arbidol	Approved in other countries for influenza treatment and prophylaxis, however not approved in the United States	Antiviral, inhibits viral-mediated fusion with target membrane, blocking viral entry into target cells	Zhang et al[38]
ASC09	Not currently FDA approved. Trials are underway testing ASC09 as a treatment for HIV and COVID-19	Antiviral, Protease inhibitor	See Clinicaltrials.gov for ongoing trials
Azvudine	Currently being tested in clinical trials for HIB and COVID-19	Antiviral, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor	See Clinicaltrials.gov for ongoing trials
Favipravir	Approved in other countries for the treatment of influenza, however not FDA approved in the United States	Antiviral, Inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase	(1) Cai et al[52]; (2) Chen et al[33]; and (3) See Clinicaltrials.gov for ongoing trials
Baloxavir marboxil	Approved for treatment of uncomplicated influenza A and B in individuals age 12 and older who have been symptoms for no more than 48 h	Antiviral, cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor	Lou et al[59]
Remdesivir	FDA Emergency Use Authorization for COVID-19	Antiviral, inhibitor of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase	(1) Wang et al[68]; (2) NIH (ACTT trial)[69]; (3) Beigel et al[71]; and (4) See Clinicaltrials.gov for ongoing trials

FDA: Federal Drug Administration; COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; NIH: National Institutes of Health; ACTT: Adaptive COVID-19 Treatment Trial.