Emerging therapeutics in the management of COVID-19

Table 1 Monoclonal antibodies (a survey)

Drug	Current use/FDA approval	Proposed mechanism of action	Published trials
Sarilumab	FDA approved for use in rheumatoid arthritis	Monoclonal antibody, IL-6 receptor antagonist	(1) Sanofi and Regeneron [10]; (2) Benucci et al[11]; and (3) See Clinicaltrials.gov for ongoing trials
Siltuximab	FDA Approved for use in Multicentric Castleman’s disease	Monoclonal antibody, IL-6 receptor antagonist	(1) Gritti et al[14]; and (2) See Clinicaltrials.gov for ongoing trials
Leronlimab	Not currently FDA approved, however under investigation for COVID-19 and HIV	Monoclonal antibody, CCR5 antagonist	(1) CytoDyn [17]; and (2) See Clinicaltrials.gov for ongoing trials
PD-1 inhibitors	FDA approved for the treatment of various malignancies	Inhibition of PD-1 pathway	No currently published trials
Gimsilumab	Not currently FDA approved. Clinical Trials are underway testing Gimsilumab as a treatment for ankylosing spondylitis as well as ARDS	Monoclonal antibody against GM-CSF	See Clinicaltrials.gov for ongoing trials

FDA: Federal Drug Administration; IL: Interleukin; COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; PD-1: Programmed cell death protein 1; GM-CSF: Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor; ARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome.