Proton pump inhibitors and adverse effects in kidney transplant recipients: A meta-analysis

Table 2 Acute rejection and graft loss

Ref.	Biopsy-proven acute rejection at ⩾ 1 yr (%)	Biopsy-proven or presumed rejection at 3 mo (%)	Median time to rejection	Antibody mediated rejection (%)	Graft loss (%)
Patel et al[32] 2012
PPI	25 (16%)	NR	4.1 mo	3.3%	NR
No PPI	60 (15%)	NR	3.3 mo	3.1%	NR
P	0.69	-	NS	NS	-
Knorr et al[20] 2014
PPI	32/213 (15%)	NR	110 ± 91 d	1/32 (3.1%)	9/213 (4.2%)
H2A	46/384 (12%)	NR	110 ± 112 d	2/46 (4.3%)	19/384 (4.9%)
P	0.15	-	1.0	NR	0.84
van Boekel et al[22] 2014
PPI	NR	25/125 (20%) BPAR: 13/125 (10.4%)	NR	NR	NR
H2RA	NR	15/77 (19.5%) BPAR: 7/77 (9.1%)	NR	NR	NR
P	-	NS	-	-	-
Courson et al[21] 2014
PPI	16/171 (9.4%)	NR	116±92 d1	5/16 (31%)	4/171 (2.3%)
H2RA	3/115 (2.6%)	NR	both	0	2/115 (1.7%)
P	0.029	-	NS	0.53	1
Patel et al[23] 2017
PPI	11/183 (19%)	12/183 (4.9%)	106 (57-286) days2	1/11 (9.1%)	9/183 (4.9%)
H2RA	28/339 (14%)	9/339 (3.5%)	139 (96-339) days	2/28 (7.1%)	8/339 (2.4%)
P	0.35	0.44	0.28	NR	0.12
Rouse et al[24] 2017
PPI	5/35 NR		NR	2/5 (40%)	NR
H2RA	26/176	NR	NR	3/26 (12%)	NR
P	1.0	-	-	0.03	-
Uludag et al[37] 2017
PPI	36/233 (15.5%)	NR	NR	NR	11/233 (4.7%)
No PPI	5/69 (7.2%)	NR	NR	NR	2/69 (2.9%)
P	0.08	-	-	-	0.51

¹Data expressed as mean ± SD;

²Data expressed as Median (Range). NR: Not reported; NS: Not significant; H2RA: H2-receptor antagonists; PPI: Proton pump inhibitors.