Impact of machine perfusion of the liver on post-transplant biliary complications: A systematic review

Table 2 Prevalence of bile leak and anastomotic biliary strictures between clinical studies using different techniques of machine perfusion of donor livers

Ref.	Yr	Study design	Perfusion type	Timing machine perfusion	n	DBD (n)	DCD (n)	Bile leak (n)	Anastomotic stricture (n)
Ex situ normothermic machine perfusion
Nasralla et al[46]	2018	RCT	NMP	Preservation	121	87	34	0	0
Selzner et al[54]	2016	PS	NMP	Preservation	10	8	2	0	0
Bral et al[56]	2017	PS	NMP	Preservation	9	6	3	0	0
Ravikumar et al[55]	2016	PS	NMP	Preservation	20	16	4	0	4 (DBD)
Watson et al[58]	2018	DS	NMP	End-Ischaemic	22	6	16	0	0
Mergental et al[57]	2016	DS	NMP	End-Ischaemic	5	1	4	0	0
Ex situ hypothermic non-oxygenated machine perfusion
Guarrera et al[59]	2015	PS	HMP	End-Ischaemic	31	31	0	1	0
Guarrera et al[37]	2010	NCS	HMP	End-Ischaemic	20	20	0	1	1
Ex situ hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion
van Rijn et al[43]	2017	PS	DHOPE	End-Ischaemic	10	0	10	0	2
Dutkowski et al[38]	2015	PS	HOPE	End-Ischaemic	25	0	25	5 (in total)
Dutkowski et al[40]	2014	PS	HOPE	End-Ischaemic	8	0	8	1	1
In situ normothermic regional perfusion
De Carlis et al[60]1	2017	DS	NRP	NRP	7	0	7*	0	1
Oniscu et al[49]	2014	DS	NRP	NRP	11	0	11	1	1
Minambres et al[50]	2017	DS	NRP	NRP	11	0	11	NA	NA
Controlled Oxygenated Rewarming
Hoyer et al[47]	2016	PS	COR	End-Ischaemic	6	6	0	NA	NA

¹Combined hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion after normothermic regional perfusion. Six uncontrolled DCD were included in this study. RCT: Randomised controlled trial; PS: Single-arm non-randomised pilot study; DS: Descriptive study; NCS: Non-randomised cohort studies; DBD: Donation after brain death; DCD: Donation after circulatory death; NA: Not applicable or not available; NMP: Normothermic machine perfusion; HMP: Hypothermic machine perfusion; DHOPE: Dual vessel hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion; HOPE: Hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion; NRP: Normothermic regional perfusion; COR: Controlled oxygenated rewarming.