Early urological complications after kidney transplantation: An overview

Figure 7 Boari flap. A: A Boari flap is used when a Psoas hitch is not enough to bridge the gap between the bladder and a short ureter to allow for a tension-free anastomosis. A U-shaped flap composed of all tissue layers is created. The base should be proportional to the length of the flap to avoid ischemia; B: The ureter is implanted to the apex of the flap via end-to-end anastomosis or a sub-mucosal tunnel; C: The bladder incision together with the flap are subsequently closed.