Cumulative positive fluid balance is a risk factor for acute kidney injury and requirement for renal replacement therapy after liver transplantation

Table 5 Comparison of baseline, intra-operative and postoperative features of patients submitted to liver transplantation according to mortality in 28 d

	Survivors (n = 110)	Non survivors (n = 11)	P value
Age (yr)	50 ± 12	52 ± 13	0.780
Male sex	95 (86%)	11 (100%)	0.218
Child-Pugh score at admission	9 ± 2	10 ± 3	0.360
MELD score at admission	18 ± 6	19 ± 9	0.060
APACHE II 24 h after admission	14 ± 3	21 ± 6	0.060
Cold ischemia time (min)	512 ± 167	628 ± 177	0.080
Duration of surgery (min)	324 ± 98	417 ± 130	0.060
Use of blood products	64%	64%	0.620
Number of packed red blood cell units	1.7 ± 2.6	3.6 ± 6	0.000
Use of vasoactive drugs	32(29%)	6 (55%)	0.090
Peak of arterial lactate in the first 24 h (mmol/L)	2.1 ± 1.4	4.9 ± 4.2	0.0001
Peak AST levels (U/L)	2372 ± 2280	11289 ± 13591	0.0001
Postoperative complications
Early allograft dysfunction	19 (17%)	8 (72%)	0.0001
Biliary strictures and/or leaks	5 (5%)	0	0.620
Arterial thrombosis or stenosis	5 (5%)	0	0.620
Acute rejection	32 (29%)	0	0.030
Sepsis or septic shock	34 (31%)	4 (36%)	0.740
Cumulative FB in the first 12 h	5205 ± 2233	8140 ± 2677	0.600
Cumulative FB in the first 4 d	10144 ± 3656	19073 ± 9416	0.00001
Length of stay in ICU (d)	12 ± 10	14 ± 11	0.360
Length of stay in the hospital (d)	18 ± 11	13 ± 10	0.070
AKI	77 (70%)	10 (90%)	0.140
RRT	17 (15%)	9 (82%)	0.0001

Data are expressed as mean ± SD. LT: Liver transplantation; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; APACHE II: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Disease Classification System; FB: Fluid balance; ICU: Intensive care unit; AKI: Acute kidney injury; RRT: Renal replacement therapy.