Cumulative positive fluid balance is a risk factor for acute kidney injury and requirement for renal replacement therapy after liver transplantation

Table 2 Intraoperative and postoperative features of the patients submitted to liver transplantation (n = 121)

Cold ischemia time (min)	520 ± 170
Duration of surgery (min)	333 ± 104
Use of blood products	77 (63%)
Number of packed red blood cell units	1.9 ± 3.1
Use of vasoactive drugs (norepinephrine)	38 (31%)
Peak of arterial lactate in the first 24 h (mmol/L)	2.3 ± 2.0
APACHE II score 24 h after admission	15 ± 4
Peak of AST levels (U/L)	3058 ± 4820
Peak of ALT levels (U/L)	1357 ± 1542
Postoperative complications
Early allograft dysfunction	26 (22%)
Primary graft non-function	7 (6%)
Biliary strictures and/or leaks	5 (4%)
Arterial thrombosis or stenosis	5 (4%)
Acute rejection	32 (26%)
Sepsis or septic shock	38 (31%)
AKI	87 (72%)
AKI type 1	0
AKI type 2	44 (36%)
AKI type 3	43 (36%)
RRT	26 (22%)
Fluid balance (mL)
Intraoperative	3829 ± 1904
Cumulative FB in the first 12 h	5473 ± 2417
Cumulative FB in the first 4 d	10956 ± 5117
Length of stay in ICU (d)	12 ± 11
Length of stay in the hospital (d)	19 ± 12
Mortality	11 (9%)

Data are expressed as mean ± SD. APACHE II: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Disease Classification System; AKI: Acute kidney injury; RRT: Renal replacement therapy; FB: Fluid balance; ICU: Intensive care unit.