Corticosteroid minimization in renal transplantation: Careful patient selection enables feasibility

Table 4 Characteristics of corticosteroid avoidance/withdrawal trials in immunologically high-risk and in pediatric patients

Ref.	Patient number	Immunological risk	Timing of CS withdrawal	Induction immunosuppression	Maintenance immunosuppression	Acute rejection (%)	Allograft/patient survival (%)	Follow-up (mo)
Immunologically high-risk patients
Thomas et al[26]	11	PRA > 20%, or	No CS	Alemtuzumab	TAC	18.2	86/100	12
	10	repeat transplant	Day 5	ATG	TAC, MMF	37.5	88/88
Hanaway et al[17]	164	PRA > 20%, or	Day 5	Alemtuzumab	TAC, MMF	18	91/99	36
	171	black race, or repeat transplant	Day 5	ATG		15	84/91
Pediatric patients
Grenda et al[28]	98	Low/moderate	Day 4	Daclizumab	TAC, MMF	10.2	97/99	6
	98	(PRA < 50%)	Standard CS	No induction		7.1	97/100
Höcker et al[29]	23	Moderate/high (PRA < 80%)	After year 1	No	CsA, MMF	4	100/100	24
	19		Standard CS			10	100/100

ATG: Antithymocyte globulin; CS: Corticosteroids; CsA: Cyclosporine; MMF: Mycophenolate mofetil; PRA: Panel-reactive antibodies; TAC: Tacrolimus.