“Contrast nephropathy” in renal transplantation: Is it real?

Table 1 Trials concerned with contrast nephropathy

No.	Trial	Year	No. of KTRs	Need for HDX	CIN	Comments
1	Light et al[8]	1975	34	Two	22	20 patients improved after therapy for “graft rejection”
2	Moreau et al[12]	1975	231	None	Nil	No increase in risk of CIN in KTRs if contrast studies were performed with normal renal function
3	Peters et al[11]	1983	93	None	Very high (84.3%)	No increased risk was found > 120 d post-transplant
4	Ahuja et al[10]	2000	35	None	> 21%	Patients received high osmolality contrast, and 94% were on CyA therapy
5	Charnow et al[16]	2015	76	None	> 13.2%	CIN did not affect allograft function and survival, according to the researchers
6	Haider et al[9]	2015	124	None	5.60%	The largest retrospective study evaluating incidence of CIN in KTRs. CNIs were being used in 95% patients at the time of contrast administration
7	Bostock et al[15]	2016	40	One	12.50%	Renal dysfunction is 3 times more frequent in KTR treated with EVAR, though overall survival did not differ between groups. Decreased pre-operative eGFR and higher iodine/eGFR ratio are associated with post-operative renal dysfunction
8	Fananapazir et al[14]	2016	104	None	7% and 3%	Incidence of CNI = 7% (7/104) based on a rise of ≥ 0.3 mg/dL and 3% (3/104) based on a rise of ≥ 0.5 mg/dL. With a strict definition (≥ 0.5 mg/dL) had a pre-CT eGFR < 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2. No patients required DX or had allograft loss 30 d after contrast use

CIN: Contrast-induced nephropathy; HDX: Hemodialysis; KTRs: Kidney transplant recipients; CNIs: Calcineurin inhibitors; EVAR: Endovascular aortic aneurysm repair; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate.