Risk factors for fracture in adult kidney transplant recipients

Table 2 Univariable and multivariable analysis of risk factors for major fracture in kidney transplant recipients

Risk factors	Univariable analysis	Multivariable analysis
	HR (95%CI)	HR (95%CI)
Age (per 5 yr increase)	1.13 (1.06-1.21)	1.11 (1.03-1.19)
Sex
Men	Reference
Women	1.65 (1.18-2.33)	1.81 (1.28-2.57)
Race/ethnicity
White	Reference
Asian	0.72 (0.35-1.47)
Black	0.65 (0.30-1.39)
Other1	0.78 (0.44-1.36)
Diabetes (vs none)	1.40 (0.96-2.02)
Fall with hospitalization in the year prior to the transplant date (vs none)	2.00 (0.98-4.09)	1.72 (0.84-3.50)
Major fracture prior to the transplant date2 (vs none)
Length of time on dialysis prior to transplant (measured in years)3	1.06 (0.61-1.84)
Type of donor
Living	0.99 (0.70-1.39)
Deceased	Reference
Cause of end-stage renal disease4
Glomerulonephritis	Reference	Reference
Cystic kidney disease	1.93 (1.20-3.08)	1.73 (1.08-2.78)
Diabetes	1.80 (1.15-2.82)	1.72 (1.09-2.72)
Other	0.92 (0.56-1.53)	0.88 (0.53-1.46)
Pre-transplant dialysis modality5
Hemodialysis	Reference
Peritoneal dialysis	0.99 (0.67-1.47)
Pre-emptive	0.96 (0.54-1.68)
Type of donor
Living	0.99 (0.70-1.39)
Deceased	Reference
Donor age (per 5 yr increase)	1.11 (1.04-1.18)	1.09 (1.02-1.17)
Donor sex
Men	Reference
Women	1.03 (0.73-1.44)

¹Other was defined as a composite of: Indian Sub-Continent, Pacific Islander, Aboriginal, Mid East/Arabian, Latin American, Other/Multiracial;

²Due to the small number of recipients with a prior major fracture this risk factor was not able to be assessed;

³Includes individuals who received a pre-emptive transplant where the time spent on dialysis was defined as 0 years;

⁴Due to the small number of recipients with a major fracture who had renal vascular disease as the cause of their ESRD this category was combined into the other category;

⁵We defined hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis based on the modality the recipient first received. We defined pre-emptive transplant as no evidence of hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis prior to transplant. ESRD: End-stage renal disease; HR: Hazard ratio.